Method, apparatus, and system for positioning and powering a wireless monitoring system

ABSTRACT

Methods, apparatus and systems for powering a wireless monitoring system are described. In one example, a described method comprises: positioning and powering a transmitter at a first location in a venue; positioning and powering a receiver at a second location in the venue; transmitting a wireless signal from the transmitter through a wireless multipath channel of the venue; receiving the wireless signal by the receiver through the wireless multipath channel, wherein the wireless signal is impacted by the wireless multipath channel and a modulation of an object undergoing a motion in the venue; obtaining a set of channel information (CI) of the wireless multipath channel based on the wireless signal; and monitoring the object and the motion of the object based on the set of CI.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is related to U.S. patent application withdocket number OWI-0053US3, entitled “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FORAUTOMATIC AND ADAPTIVE WIRELESS MONITORING AND TRACKING,” filed on Sep.13, 2020, and related to U.S. patent application with docket numberOWI-0053US5, entitled “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR VEHICLEWIRELESS MONITORING,” filed on Sep. 13, 2020, each of which is expresslyincorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

The present application hereby incorporates by reference the entirety ofthe disclosures of, and claims priority to, each of the following cases:

-   -   (a) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/326,112, entitled        “WIRELESS POSITIONING SYSTEMS”, filed on Jan. 13, 2017,        -   (1) which is a national stage entry of PCT patent            application PCT/US2015/041037, entitled “WIRELESS            POSITIONING SYSTEMS”, filed on Jul. 17, 2015, published as            WO 2016/011433A2 on Jan. 21, 2016,    -   (b) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/127,151, entitled        “METHODS, APPARATUS, SERVERS, AND SYSTEMS FOR VITAL SIGNS        DETECTION AND MONITORING”, filed on Sep. 10, 2018,        -   (1) which is a continuation-in-part of PCT patent            application PCT/US2017/021963, entitled “METHODS, APPARATUS,            SERVERS, AND SYSTEMS FOR VITAL SIGNS DETECTION AND            MONITORING”, filed on Mar. 10, 2017, published as            WO2017/156492A1 on Sep. 14, 2017,    -   (c) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/125,748, entitled        “METHODS, DEVICES, SERVERS, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEMS FOR WIRELESS        INTERNET OF THINGS APPLICATIONS”, filed on Sep. 9, 2018,        -   (1) which is a continuation-in-part of PCT patent            application PCT/US2017/015909, entitled “METHODS, DEVICES,            SERVERS, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEMS FOR WIRELESS INTERNET OF            THINGS APPLICATIONS”, filed on Jan. 31, 2017, published as            WO2017/155634A1 on Sep. 14, 2017,    -   (d) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/861,422, entitled        “METHOD, APPARATUS, SERVER, AND SYSTEMS OF TIME-REVERSAL        TECHNOLOGY”, filed on Jan. 3, 2018,    -   (e) U.S. Provisional Patent application 62/900,565, entitled        “QUALIFIED WIRELESS SENSING SYSTEM”, filed on Sep. 15, 2019,    -   (f) U.S. Provisional Patent application 62/902,357, entitled        “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC AND OPTIMIZED        DEVICE-TO-CLOUD CONNECTION FOR WIRELESS SENSING”, filed on Sep.        18, 2019,    -   (g) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/667,648, entitled        “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR WIRELESS PROXIMITY AND        PRESENCE MONITORING”, filed on Oct. 29, 2019,    -   (h) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/667,757, entitled        “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR HUMAN IDENTIFICATION BASED ON        HUMAN RADIO BIOMETRIC INFORMATION”, filed on Oct. 29, 2019,    -   (i) U.S. Provisional Patent application 62/950,093, entitled        “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR TARGET POSITIONING”, filed on        Dec. 18, 2019,    -   (j) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/790,610, entitled        “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR WIRELESS GAIT RECOGNITION”,        filed Feb. 13, 2020,    -   (k) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/790,627, entitled        “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR OUTDOOR TARGET TRACKING”,        filed Feb. 13, 2020.    -   (l) U.S. Provisional Patent application 62/977,326, entitled        “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC AND ADAPTIVE        WIRELESS MONITORING AND TRACKING”, filed on Feb. 16, 2020,    -   (m) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/798,337, entitled        “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR WIRELESS OBJECT SCANNING”,        filed Feb. 22, 2020,    -   (n) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/798,343, entitled        “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR WIRELESS OBJECT TRACKING”,        filed Feb. 22, 2020,    -   (o) U.S. Provisional Patent application 62/980,206, entitled        “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR WIRELESS SENSING”, filed on        Feb. 22, 2020,    -   (p) U.S. Provisional Patent application 62/981,387, entitled        “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR VEHICLE WIRELESS MONITORING”,        filed on Feb. 25, 2020,    -   (q) U.S. Provisional Patent application 62/984,737, entitled        “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR IMPROVED WIRELESS        MONITORING”, filed on Mar. 3, 2020,    -   (r) U.S. Provisional Patent application 63/001,226, entitled        “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR IMPROVED WIRELESS MONITORING        AND USER INTERFACE”, filed on Mar. 27, 2020,    -   (s) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/870,996, entitled        “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR WIRELESS INERTIAL        MEASUREMENT”, filed on May 10, 2020,    -   (t) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/871,000, entitled        “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR WIRELESS TRACKING WITH        GRAPH-BASED PARTICLE FILTERING”, filed on May 10, 2020,    -   (u) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/871,004, entitled        “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR PEOPLE COUNTING AND        RECOGNITION BASED ON RHYTHMIC MOTION MONITORING”, filed on May        10, 2020,    -   (v) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/871,006, entitled        “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR VITAL SIGNS MONITORING USING        HIGH FREQUENCY WIRELESS SIGNALS”, filed on May 10, 2020,    -   (w) U.S. Provisional Patent application 63/038,037, entitled        “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR MOTION LOCALIZATION, WALKING        DETECTION AND DEVICE QUALIFICATION”, filed on Jun. 11, 2020,    -   (x) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/909,913, entitled        “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR IMPROVING TOPOLOGY OF        WIRELESS SENSING SYSTEMS”, filed on Jun. 23, 2020,    -   (y) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/909,940, entitled        “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR QUALIFIED WIRELESS SENSING”,        filed on Jun. 23, 2020,    -   (z) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/945,827, entitled        “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING AND PRESENTING        LIFE LOG BASED ON A WIRELESS SIGNAL”, filed on Aug. 1, 2020,    -   (aa) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/945,837, entitled        “METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR WIRELESS SLEEP MONITORING”,        filed on Aug. 1, 2020.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present teaching generally relates to powering a wireless monitoringsystem. More specifically, the present teaching relates to the placementof the power sources of a wireless monitoring system.

BACKGROUND

Vehicle monitoring has become a very important application with theubiquitous deployment of wireless devices in vehicles. For example, byoccupant awareness, the vehicle monitoring may enable the identificationof the motion and breathing of a pet (pet awareness), identification ofsubtle motion and breathing of a child (child awareness), detection ofmotion within the trunk (unknown awareness), detection of broken glass(window breakage) and a hit and run.

Vehicle monitoring needs power to operate such as power/energy frombattery, solar, or other sources. By some means of energy harvestingcomponent and energy storage component, the power/energy part can freethe device from the need of any electric outlet (in a car or at home).By flexible placement of the device, or transmitter or receiver that isconnected to some power source (say solar panel), a user may not need totake the device down frequently to recharge it manually, which can beapplied in not only vehicle monitoring but also other indoor monitoringapplications.

SUMMARY

The present teaching generally relates to powering a wireless monitoringsystem. More specifically, the present teaching relates to the placementof the power sources of a wireless monitoring system.

In one embodiment, a method implemented by a wireless monitoring systemhaving a processor, a memory communicatively coupled with the processor,and a set of instructions stored in the memory to be executed by theprocessor, is described. The method comprises: positioning and poweringa transmitter at a first location in a venue; positioning and powering areceiver at a second location in the venue; transmitting a wirelesssignal from the transmitter through a wireless multipath channel of thevenue; receiving the wireless signal by the receiver through thewireless multipath channel, wherein the wireless signal is impacted bythe wireless multipath channel and a modulation of an object undergoinga motion in the venue; obtaining a set of channel information (CI) ofthe wireless multipath channel based on the wireless signal; andmonitoring the object and the motion of the object based on the set ofCI.

In another embodiment, a method for positioning and powering a wirelessmonitoring system is described. The method comprises: positioning atransmitter at a first location in a venue, wherein the transmitter ispart of a first target device at the first location; positioning areceiver at a second location in the venue, wherein the receiver is partof a second target device at the second location, wherein each of thefirst target device and the second target device comprises at least oneof: a power supply unit, a power management unit, a power transfer unit,an energy storage unit, a power generation unit or an energy harvestingunit; powering each of the transmitter and the receiver based on atleast one of: the respective power supply unit, the respective powermanagement unit, the respective power transfer unit, the respectiveenergy storage unit, the respective power generation unit or therespective energy harvesting unit, of the respective target device;transmitting a wireless signal from the transmitter through a wirelessmultipath channel of the venue; receiving the wireless signal by thereceiver through the wireless multipath channel, wherein the wirelesssignal is impacted by the wireless multipath channel and a modulation ofan object undergoing a motion in the venue; obtaining a set of channelinformation (CI) of the wireless multipath channel based on the wirelesssignal using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled with theprocessor and a set of instructions stored in the memory; andmonitoring, based on the set of CI, at least one of the object or amotion of the object.

In yet another embodiment, a wireless monitoring system is described.The wireless monitoring system comprises: a first target device, asecond target device and a processor. The first target device ispositioned at a first location in a venue. The first target devicecomprises a transmitter configured to transmit a wireless signal througha wireless multipath channel of the venue. The second target device ispositioned at a second location in the venue. The second target devicecomprises a receiver configured to receive the wireless signal throughthe wireless multipath channel, wherein the wireless signal is impactedby the wireless multipath channel and a modulation of an objectundergoing a motion in the venue. Each of the first target device andthe second target device comprises at least one of: a power supply unit,a power management unit, a power transfer unit, an energy storage unit,a power generation unit or an energy harvesting unit, for powering thetransmitter and the receiver respectively. The processor is configuredfor: obtaining a set of channel information (CI) of the wirelessmultipath channel based on the wireless signal, and monitoring, based onthe set of CI, at least one of the object or a motion of the object.

In a different embodiment, a wireless device of a wireless monitoringsystem is described. The wireless device comprises: a receiver; aprocessor communicatively coupled with the receiver; a memorycommunicatively coupled with the processor; and a set of instructionsstored in the memory. The receiver is configured to receive a wirelesssignal transmitted by a transmitter through a wireless multipath channelof a venue. The wireless signal is impacted by the wireless multipathchannel and a modulation of an object undergoing a motion in the venue.The transmitter is part of a first target device positioned at a firstlocation in the venue. The wireless device is a second target devicepositioned at a second location in the venue. Each of the first targetdevice and the second target device comprises at least one of: a powersupply unit, a power management unit, a power transfer unit, an energystorage unit, a power generation unit or an energy harvesting unit, forpowering the transmitter and the receiver respectively. The set ofinstructions, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to:perform a test procedure to determine the first and second locations toinstall the first and second target devices respectively based on acriterion, wherein each of the first and second target devices ispowered based on its respective location, obtain a set of channelinformation (CI) of the wireless multipath channel based on the wirelesssignal, and monitor, based on the set of CI, at least one of the objector a motion of the object.

Other concepts relate to software for implementing the present teachingon powering a wireless monitoring system. Additional novel features willbe set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part willbecome apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of thefollowing and the accompanying drawings or may be learned by productionor operation of the examples. The novel features of the presentteachings may be realized and attained by practice or use of variousaspects of the methodologies, instrumentalities and combinations setforth in the detailed examples discussed below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The methods, systems, and/or devices described herein are furtherdescribed in terms of exemplary embodiments. These exemplary embodimentsare described in detail with reference to the drawings. Theseembodiments are non-limiting exemplary embodiments, in which likereference numerals represent similar structures throughout the severalviews of the drawings.

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary scenario where object motion ismonitored and tracked, according to some embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 2A illustrates some positions for transmitter and receiver in avehicle wireless monitoring system, according to some embodiments of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 2B illustrates other positions for transmitter and receiver in avehicle wireless monitoring system, according to some embodiments of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 2C illustrates yet other positions for transmitter and receiver ina vehicle wireless monitoring system, according to some embodiments ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a first wireless deviceof a wireless monitoring system, according to one embodiment of thepresent teaching.

FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a second wirelessdevice of a wireless monitoring system, according to one embodiment ofthe present teaching.

FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary method of a wirelessmonitoring system, according to some embodiments of the presentteaching.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are setforth by way of examples in order to provide a thorough understanding ofthe relevant teachings. However, it should be apparent to those skilledin the art that the present teachings may be practiced without suchdetails. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components,and/or circuitry have been described at a relatively high-level, withoutdetail, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the presentteachings.

In one embodiment, the present teaching discloses a method, apparatus,device, system, and/or software(method/apparatus/device/system/software) of a wireless monitoringsystem. A time series of channel information (CI) of a wirelessmultipath channel (channel) may be obtained (e.g. dynamically) using aprocessor, a memory communicatively coupled with the processor and a setof instructions stored in the memory. The time series of CI (TSCI) maybe extracted from a wireless signal (signal) transmitted between a Type1 heterogeneous wireless device (e.g. wireless transmitter, TX) and aType 2 heterogeneous wireless device (e.g. wireless receiver, RX) in avenue through the channel. The channel may be impacted by an expression(e.g. motion, movement, expression, and/or change inposition/pose/shape/expression) of an object in the venue. Acharacteristics and/or a spatial-temporal information (STI, e.g. motioninformation) of the object and/or of the motion of the object may bemonitored based on the TSCI. A task may be performed based on thecharacteristics and/or STI. A presentation associated with the task maybe generated in a user-interface (UI) on a device of a user. The TSCImay be a wireless signal stream. The TSCI or each CI may bepreprocessed. A device may be a station (STA). The symbol “A/B” means “Aand/or B” in the present teaching.

The expression may comprise placement, placement of moveable parts,location, position, orientation, identifiable place, region, spatialcoordinate, presentation, state, static expression, size, length, width,height, angle, scale, shape, curve, surface, area, volume, pose,posture, manifestation, body language, dynamic expression, motion,motion sequence, gesture, extension, contraction, distortion,deformation, body expression (e.g. head, face, eye, mouth, tongue, hair,voice, neck, limbs, arm, hand, leg, foot, muscle, moveable parts),surface expression (e.g. shape, texture, material, color,electromagnetic (EM) characteristics, visual pattern, wetness,reflectance, translucency, flexibility), material property (e.g. livingtissue, hair, fabric, metal, wood, leather, plastic, artificialmaterial, solid, liquid, gas, temperature), movement, activity,behavior, change of expression, and/or some combination.

The wireless signal may comprise: transmitted/received signal, EMradiation, RF signal/transmission, signal in licensed/unlicensed/ISMband, bandlimited signal, baseband signal, wireless/mobile/cellularcommunication signal, wireless/mobile/cellular network signal, meshsignal, light signal/communication, downlink/uplink signal,unicast/multicast/broadcast signal, standard (e.g. WLAN, WWAN, WPAN,WBAN, international, national, industry, defacto, IEEE, IEEE 802,802.11/15/16, WiFi, 802.11n/ac/ax/be, 3G/4G/LTE/5G/6G/7G/8G, 3GPP,Bluetooth, BLE, Zigbee, RFID, UWB, WiMax) compliant signal, protocolsignal, standard frame,beacon/pilot/probe/enquiry/acknowledgement/handshake/synchronizationsignal, management/control/data frame, management/control/data signal,standardized wireless/cellular communication protocol, reference signal,source signal, motion probe/detection/sensing signal, and/or series ofsignals. The wireless signal may comprise a line-of-sight (LOS), and/ora non-LOS component (or path/link). Each CI may beextracted/generated/computed/sensed at a layer (e.g. PHY/MAC layer inOSI model) of Type 2 device and may be obtained by an application (e.g.software, firmware, driver, app, wireless monitoring software/system).

The wireless multipath channel may comprise: a communication channel,analog frequency channel (e.g. with analog carrier frequency near700/800/900 MHz, 1.8/1.8/2.4/3/5/6/27/60 GHz), coded channel (e.g. inCDMA), and/or channel of a wireless network/system (e.g. WLAN, WiFi,mesh, LTE, 4G/5G, Bluetooth, Zigbee, UWB, RFID, microwave). It maycomprise more than one channel. The channels may be consecutive (e.g.with adjacent/overlapping bands) or non-consecutive channels (e.g.non-overlapping WiFi channels, one at 2.4 GHz and one at 5 GHz).

The TSCI may be extracted from the wireless signal at a layer of theType 2 device (e.g. a layer of OSI reference model, physical layer, datalink layer, logical link control layer, media access control (MAC)layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentationlayer, application layer, TCP/IP layer, internet layer, link layer). TheTSCI may be extracted from a derived signal (e.g. baseband signal,motion detection signal, motion sensing signal) derived from thewireless signal (e.g. RF signal). It may be (wireless) measurementssensed by the communication protocol (e.g. standardized protocol) usingexisting mechanism (e.g. wireless/cellular communicationstandard/network, 3G/LTE/4G/5G/6G/7G/8G, WiFi, IEEE 802.11/15/16). Thederived signal may comprise a packet with at least one of: a preamble, aheader and a payload (e.g. for data/control/management in wirelesslinks/networks). The TSCI may be extracted from a probe signal (e.g.training sequence, STF, LTF, L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, HE-STF, HE-LTF,HE-SIG-A, HE-SIG-B, CEF) in the packet. A motion detection/sensingsignal may be recognized/identified base on the probe signal. The packetmay be a standard-compliant protocol frame, management frame, controlframe, data frame, sounding frame, excitation frame, illumination frame,null data frame, beacon frame, pilot frame, probe frame, request frame,response frame, association frame, reassociation frame, disassociationframe, authentication frame, action frame, report frame, poll frame,announcement frame, extension frame, enquiry frame, acknowledgementframe, RTS frame, CTS frame, QoS frame, CF-Poll frame, CF-Ack frame,block acknowledgement frame, reference frame, training frame, and/orsynchronization frame.

The packet may comprise a control data and/or a motion detection probe.A data (e.g. ID/parameters/characteristics/settings/controlsignal/command/instruction/notification/broadcasting-related informationof the Type 1 device) may be obtained from the payload. The wirelesssignal may be transmitted by the Type 1 device. It may be received bythe Type 2 device. A database (e.g. in local server, hub device, cloudserver, storage network) may be used to store the TSCI, characteristics,STI, signatures, patterns, behaviors, trends, parameters, analytics,output responses, identification information, user information, deviceinformation, channel information, venue (e.g. map, environmental model,network, proximity devices/networks) information, task information,class/category information, presentation (e.g. UI) information, and/orother information.

The Type 1/Type 2 device may comprise at least one of: electronics,circuitry, transmitter (TX)/receiver (RX)/transceiver, RF interface,“Origin Satellite”/“Tracker Bot”, unicast/multicast/broadcasting device,wireless source device, source/destination device, wireless node, hubdevice, target device, motion detection device, sensor device,remote/wireless sensor device, wireless communication device,wireless-enabled device, standard compliant device, and/or receiver. TheType 1 (or Type 2) device may be heterogeneous because, when there aremore than one instances of Type 1 (or Type 2) device, they may havedifferent circuitry, enclosure, structure, purpose, auxiliaryfunctionality, chip/IC, processor, memory, software, firmware, networkconnectivity, antenna, brand, model, appearance, form, shape, color,material, and/or specification. The Type 1/Type 2 device may comprise:access point, router, mesh router, internet-of-things (IoT) device,wireless terminal, one or more radio/RF subsystem/wireless interface(e.g. 2.4 GHz radio, 5 GHz radio, front haul radio, backhaul radio),modem, RF front end, RF/radio chip or integrated circuit (IC).

At least one of: Type 1 device, Type 2 device, a link between them, theobject, the characteristics, the ST, the monitoring of the motion, andthe task may be associated with an identification (ID) such as UUID. TheType 1/Type 2/another device mayobtain/store/retrieve/access/preprocess/condition/process/analyze/monitor/applythe TSCI. The Type 1 and Type 2 devices may communicate network trafficin another channel (e.g. Ethernet, HDMI, USB, Bluetooth, BLE, WiFi, LTE,other network, the wireless multipath channel) in parallel to thewireless signal. The Type 2 device may passively observe/monitor/receivethe wireless signal from the Type 1 device in the wireless multipathchannel without establishing connection (e.g.association/authentication) with, or requesting service from, the Type 1device.

The transmitter (i.e. Type 1 device) may function as (play role of)receiver (i.e. Type 2 device) temporarily, sporadically, continuously,repeatedly, interchangeably, alternately, simultaneously, concurrently,and/or contemporaneously; and vice versa. A device may function as Type1 device (transmitter) and/or Type 2 device (receiver) temporarily,sporadically, continuously, repeatedly, simultaneously, concurrently,and/or contemporaneously. There may be multiple wireless nodes eachbeing Type 1 (TX) and/or Type 2 (RX) device. A TSCI may be obtainedbetween every two nodes when they exchange/communicate wireless signals.The characteristics and/or STI of the object may be monitoredindividually based on a TSCI, or jointly based on two or more (e.g. all)TSCI. The motion of the object may be monitored actively (in that Type 1device, Type 2 device, or both, are wearable of/associated with theobject) and/or passively (in that both Type 1 and Type 2 devices are notwearable of/associated with the object).

It may be passive because the object may not be associated with the Type1 device and/or the Type 2 device. The object (e.g. user, an automatedguided vehicle or AGV) may not need to carry/install anywearables/fixtures (i.e. the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device are notwearable/attached devices that the object needs to carry in orderperform the task). It may be active because the object may be associatedwith either the Type 1 device and/or the Type 2 device. The object maycarry (or installed) a wearable/a fixture (e.g. the Type 1 device, theType 2 device, a device communicatively coupled with either the Type 1device or the Type 2 device).

The presentation may be visual, audio, image, video, animation,graphical presentation, text, etc. A computation of the task may beperformed by a processor (or logic unit) of the Type 1 device, aprocessor (or logic unit) of an IC of the Type 1 device, a processor (orlogic unit) of the Type 2 device, a processor of an IC of the Type 2device, a local server, a cloud server, a data analysis subsystem, asignal analysis subsystem, and/or another processor. The task may beperformed with/without reference to a wireless fingerprint or a baseline(e.g. collected, processed, computed, transmitted and/or stored in atraining phase/survey/current survey/previous survey/recentsurvey/initial wireless survey, a passive fingerprint), a training, aprofile, a trained profile, a static profile, a survey, an initialwireless survey, an initial setup, an installation, a retraining, anupdating and a reset.

The Type 1 device (TX device) may comprise at least one heterogeneouswireless transmitter. The Type 2 device (RX device) may comprise atleast one heterogeneous wireless receiver. The Type 1 device and theType 2 device may be collocated. The Type 1 device and the Type 2 devicemay be the same device. Any device may have a data processingunit/apparatus, a computing unit/system, a network unit/system, aprocessor (e.g. logic unit), a memory communicatively coupled with theprocessor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory to be executedby the processor. Some processors, memories and sets of instructions maybe coordinated. There may be multiple Type 1 devices interacting (e.g.communicating, exchange signal/control/notification/other data) with thesame Type 2 device (or multiple Type 2 devices), and/or there may bemultiple Type 2 devices interacting with the same Type 1 device. Themultiple Type 1 devices/Type 2 devices may be synchronized and/orasynchronous, with same/different window width/size and/or time shift,same/different synchronized start time, synchronized end time, etc.Wireless signals sent by the multiple Type 1 devices may be sporadic,temporary, continuous, repeated, synchronous, simultaneous, concurrent,and/or contemporaneous. The multiple Type 1 devices/Type 2 devices mayoperate independently and/or collaboratively. A Type 1 and/or Type 2device may have/comprise/be heterogeneous hardware circuitry (e.g. aheterogeneous chip or a heterogeneous IC capable of generating/receivingthe wireless signal, extracting CI from received signal, or making theCI available). They may be communicatively coupled to same or differentservers (e.g. cloud server, edge server, local server, hub device).

Operation of one device may be based on operation, state, internalstate, storage, processor, memory output, physical location, computingresources, network of another device. Difference devices may communicatedirectly, and/or via another device/server/hub device/cloud server. Thedevices may be associated with one or more users, with associatedsettings. The settings may be chosen once, pre-programmed, and/orchanged (e.g. adjusted, varied, modified)/varied over time. There may beadditional steps in the method. The steps and/or the additional steps ofthe method may be performed in the order shown or in another order. Anysteps may be performed in parallel, iterated, or otherwise repeated orperformed in another manner. A user may be human, adult, older adult,man, woman, juvenile, child, baby, pet, animal, creature, machine,computer module/software, etc.

In the case of one or multiple Type 1 devices interacting with one ormultiple Type 2 devices, any processing (e.g. time domain, frequencydomain) may be different for different devices. The processing may bebased on locations, orientation, direction, roles, user-relatedcharacteristics, settings, configurations, available resources,available bandwidth, network connection, hardware, software, processor,co-processor, memory, battery life, available power, antennas, antennatypes, directional/unidirectional characteristics of the antenna, powersetting, and/or other parameters/characteristics of the devices.

The wireless receiver (e.g. Type 2 device) may receive the signal and/oranother signal from the wireless transmitter (e.g. Type 1 device). Thewireless receiver may receive another signal from another wirelesstransmitter (e.g. a second Type 1 device). The wireless transmitter maytransmit the signal and/or another signal to another wireless receiver(e.g. a second Type 2 device). The wireless transmitter, wirelessreceiver, another wireless receiver and/or another wireless transmittermay be moving with the object and/or another object. The another objectmay be tracked.

The Type 1 and/or Type 2 device may be capable of wirelessly couplingwith at least two Type 2 and/or Type 1 devices. The Type 1 device may becaused/controlled to switch/establish wireless coupling (e.g.association, authentication) from the Type 2 device to a second Type 2device at another location in the venue. Similarly, the Type 2 devicemay be caused/controlled to switch/establish wireless coupling from theType 1 device to a second Type 1 device at yet another location in thevenue. The switching may be controlled by a server (or a hub device),the processor, the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, and/or anotherdevice. The radio used before and after switching may be different. Asecond wireless signal (second signal) may be caused to be transmittedbetween the Type 1 device and the second Type 2 device (or between theType 2 device and the second Type 1 device) through the channel. Asecond TSCI of the channel extracted from the second signal may beobtained. The second signal may be the first signal. Thecharacteristics, STI and/or another quantity of the object may bemonitored based on the second TSCI. The Type 1 device and the Type 2device may be the same. The characteristics, STI and/or another quantitywith different time stamps may form a waveform. The waveform may bedisplayed in the presentation.

The wireless signal and/or another signal may have data embedded. Thewireless signal may be a series of probe signals (e.g. a repeatedtransmission of probe signals, a re-use of one or more probe signals).The probe signals may change/vary over time. A probe signal may be astandard compliant signal, protocol signal, standardized wirelessprotocol signal, control signal, data signal, wireless communicationnetwork signal, cellular network signal, WiFi signal, LTE/5G/6G/7Gsignal, reference signal, beacon signal, motion detection signal, and/ormotion sensing signal. A probe signal may be formatted according to awireless network standard (e.g. WiFi), a cellular network standard (e.g.LTE/5G/6G), or another standard. A probe signal may comprise a packetwith a header and a payload. A probe signal may have data embedded. Thepayload may comprise data. A probe signal may be replaced by a datasignal. The probe signal may be embedded in a data signal. The wirelessreceiver, wireless transmitter, another wireless receiver and/or anotherwireless transmitter may be associated with at least one processor,memory communicatively coupled with respective processor, and/orrespective set of instructions stored in the memory which when executedcause the processor to perform any and/or all steps needed to determinethe STI (e.g. motion information), initial STI, initial time, direction,instantaneous location, instantaneous angle, and/or speed, of theobject. The processor, the memory and/or the set of instructions may beassociated with the Type 1 device, one of the at least one Type 2device, the object, a device associated with the object, another deviceassociated with the venue, a cloud server, a hub device, and/or anotherserver.

The Type 1 device may transmit the signal in a broadcasting manner to atleast one Type 2 device(s) through the channel in the venue. The signalis transmitted without the Type 1 device establishing wirelessconnection (e.g. association, authentication) with any Type 2 device,and without any Type 2 device requesting services from the Type 1device. The Type 1 device may transmit to a particular media accesscontrol (MAC) address common for more than one Type 2 devices. Each Type2 device may adjust its MAC address to the particular MAC address. Theparticular MAC address may be associated with the venue. The associationmay be recorded in an association table of an Association Server (e.g.hub device). The venue may be identified by the Type 1 device, a Type 2device and/or another device based on the particular MAC address, theseries of probe signals, and/or the at least one TSCI extracted from theprobe signals. For example, a Type 2 device may be moved to a newlocation in the venue (e.g. from another venue). The Type 1 device maybe newly set up in the venue such that the Type 1 and Type 2 devices arenot aware of each other. During set up, the Type 1 device may beinstructed/guided/caused/controlled (e.g. using dummy receiver, usinghardware pin setting/connection, using stored setting, using localsetting, using remote setting, using downloaded setting, using hubdevice, or using server) to send the series of probe signals to theparticular MAC address. Upon power up, the Type 2 device may scan forprobe signals according to a table of MAC addresses (e.g. stored in adesignated source, server, hub device, cloud server) that may be usedfor broadcasting at different locations (e.g. different MAC address usedfor different venue such as house, office, enclosure, floor,multi-storey building, store, airport, mall, stadium, hall, station,subway, lot, area, zone, region, district, city, country, continent).When the Type 2 device detects the probe signals sent to the particularMAC address, the Type 2 device can use the table to identify the venuebased on the MAC address. A location of a Type 2 device in the venue maybe computed based on the particular MAC address, the series of probesignals, and/or the at least one TSCI obtained by the Type 2 device fromthe probe signals. The computing may be performed by the Type 2 device.The particular MAC address may be changed (e.g. adjusted, varied,modified) over time. It may be changed according to a time table, rule,policy, mode, condition, situation and/or change. The particular MACaddress may be selected based on availability of the MAC address, apre-selected list, collision pattern, traffic pattern, data trafficbetween the Type 1 device and another device, effective bandwidth,random selection, and/or a MAC address switching plan. The particularMAC address may be the MAC address of a second wireless device (e.g. adummy receiver, or a receiver that serves as a dummy receiver).

The Type 1 device may transmit the probe signals in a channel selectedfrom a set of channels. At least one CI of the selected channel may beobtained by a respective Type 2 device from the probe signal transmittedin the selected channel. The selected channel may be changed (e.g.adjusted, varied, modified) over time. The change may be according to atime table, rule, policy, mode, condition, situation, and/or change. Theselected channel may be selected based on availability of channels,random selection, a pre-selected list, co-channel interference,inter-channel interference, channel traffic pattern, data trafficbetween the Type 1 device and another device, effective bandwidthassociated with channels, security criterion, channel switching plan, acriterion, a quality criterion, a signal quality condition, and/orconsideration.

The particular MAC address and/or an information of the selected channelmay be communicated between the Type 1 device and a server (e.g. hubdevice) through a network. The particular MAC address and/or theinformation of the selected channel may also be communicated between aType 2 device and a server (e.g. hub device) through another network.

The Type 2 device may communicate the particular MAC address and/or theinformation of the selected channel to another Type 2 device (e.g. viamesh network, Bluetooth, WiFi, NFC, ZigBee, etc.). The particular MACaddress and/or selected channel may be chosen by a server (e.g. hubdevice). The particular MAC address and/or selected channel may besignaled in an announcement channel by the Type 1 device, the Type 2device and/or a server (e.g. hub device). Before being communicated, anyinformation may be pre-processed.

Wireless connection (e.g. association, authentication) between the Type1 device and another wireless device may be established (e.g. using asignal handshake). The Type 1 device may send a first handshake signal(e.g. sounding frame, probe signal, request-to-send RTS) to the anotherdevice. The another device may reply by sending a second handshakesignal (e.g. a command, or a clear-to-send CTS) to the Type 1 device,triggering the Type 1 device to transmit the signal (e.g. series ofprobe signals) in the broadcasting manner to multiple Type 2 deviceswithout establishing connection with any Type 2 device. The secondhandshake signals may be a response or an acknowledge (e.g. ACK) to thefirst handshake signal. The second handshake signal may contain a datawith information of the venue, and/or the Type 1 device. The anotherdevice may be a dummy device with a purpose (e.g. primary purpose,secondary purpose) to establish the wireless connection with the Type 1device, to receive the first signal, and/or to send the second signal.The another device may be physically attached to the Type 1 device.

In another example, the another device may send a third handshake signalto the Type 1 device triggering the Type 1 device to broadcast thesignal (e.g. series of probe signals) to multiple Type 2 devices withoutestablishing connection (e.g. association, authentication) with any Type2 device. The Type 1 device may reply to the third special signal bytransmitting a fourth handshake signal to the another device. Theanother device may be used to trigger more than one Type 1 devices tobroadcast. The triggering may be sequential, partially sequential,partially parallel, or fully parallel. The another device may have morethan one wireless circuitries to trigger multiple transmitters inparallel. Parallel trigger may also be achieved using at least one yetanother device to perform the triggering (similar to what as the anotherdevice does) in parallel to the another device. The another device maynot communicate (or suspend communication) with the Type 1 device afterestablishing connection with the Type 1 device. Suspended communicationmay be resumed. The another device may enter an inactive mode,hibernation mode, sleep mode, stand-by mode, low-power mode, OFF modeand/or power-down mode, after establishing the connection with the Type1 device. The another device may have the particular MAC address so thatthe Type 1 device sends the signal to the particular MAC address. TheType 1 device and/or the another device may be controlled and/orcoordinated by a first processor associated with the Type 1 device, asecond processor associated with the another device, a third processorassociated with a designated source and/or a fourth processor associatedwith another device. The first and second processors may coordinate witheach other.

A first series of probe signals may be transmitted by a first antenna ofthe Type 1 device to at least one first Type 2 device through a firstchannel in a first venue. A second series of probe signals may betransmitted by a second antenna of the Type 1 device to at least onesecond Type 2 device through a second channel in a second venue. Thefirst series and the second series may/may not be different. The atleast one first Type 2 device may/may not be different from the at leastone second Type 2 device. The first and/or second series of probesignals may be broadcasted without connection (e.g. association,authentication) established between the Type 1 device and any Type 2device. The first and second antennas may be same/different. The twovenues may have different sizes, shape, multipath characteristics. Thefirst and second venues may overlap. The respective immediate areasaround the first and second antennas may overlap. The first and secondchannels may be same/different. For example, the first one may be WiFiwhile the second may be LTE. Or, both may be WiFi, but the first one maybe 2.4 GHz WiFi and the second may be 5 GHz WiFi. Or, both may be 2.4GHz WiFi, but have different channel numbers, SSID names, and/or WiFisettings.

Each Type 2 device may obtain at least one TSCI from the respectiveseries of probe signals, the CI being of the respective channel betweenthe Type 2 device and the Type 1 device. Some first Type 2 device(s) andsome second Type 2 device(s) may be the same. The first and secondseries of probe signals may be synchronous/asynchronous. A probe signalmay be transmitted with data or replaced by a data signal. The first andsecond antennas may be the same. The first series of probe signals maybe transmitted at a first rate (e.g. 30 Hz). The second series of probesignals may be transmitted at a second rate (e.g. 200 Hz). The first andsecond rates may be same/different. The first and/or second rate may bechanged (e.g. adjusted, varied, modified) over time. The change may beaccording to a time table, rule, policy, mode, condition, situation,and/or change. Any rate may be changed (e.g. adjusted, varied, modified)over time. The first and/or second series of probe signals may betransmitted to a first MAC address and/or second MAC addressrespectively. The two MAC addresses may be same/different. The firstseries of probe signals may be transmitted in a first channel. Thesecond series of probe signals may be transmitted in a second channel.The two channels may be same/different. The first or second MAC address,first or second channel may be changed over time. Any change may beaccording to a time table, rule, policy, mode, condition, situation,and/or change.

The Type 1 device and another device may be controlled and/orcoordinated, physically attached, or may be of/in/of a common device.They may be controlled by/connected to a common data processor, or maybe connected to a common bus interconnect/network/LAN/Bluetoothnetwork/NFC network/BLE network/wired network/wireless network/meshnetwork/mobile network/cloud. They may share a common memory, or beassociated with a common user, user device, profile, account, identity(ID), identifier, household, house, physical address, location,geographic coordinate, IP subnet, SSID, home device, office device,and/or manufacturing device. Each Type 1 device may be a signal sourceof a set of respective Type 2 devices (i.e. it sends a respective signal(e.g. respective series of probe signals) to the set of respective Type2 devices). Each respective Type 2 device chooses the Type 1 device fromamong all Type 1 devices as its signal source. Each Type 2 device maychoose asynchronously. At least one TSCI may be obtained by eachrespective Type 2 device from the respective series of probe signalsfrom the Type 1 device, the CI being of the channel between the Type 2device and the Type 1 device. The respective Type 2 device chooses theType 1 device from among all Type 1 devices as its signal source basedon identity (ID) or identifier of Type 1/Type 2 device, task to beperformed, past signal source, history (e.g. of past signal source, Type1 device, another Type 1 device, respective Type 2 receiver, and/oranother Type 2 receiver), threshold for switching signal source, and/orinformation of a user, account, access info, parameter, characteristics,and/or signal strength (e.g. associated with the Type 1 device and/orthe respective Type 2 receiver). Initially, the Type 1 device may besignal source of a set of initial respective Type 2 devices (i.e. theType 1 device sends a respective signal (series of probe signals) to theset of initial respective Type 2 devices) at an initial time. Eachinitial respective Type 2 device chooses the Type 1 device from amongall Type 1 devices as its signal source.

The signal source (Type 1 device) of a particular Type 2 device may bechanged (e.g. adjusted, varied, modified) when (1) time interval betweentwo adjacent probe signals (e.g. between current probe signal andimmediate past probe signal, or between next probe signal and currentprobe signal) received from current signal source of the Type 2 deviceexceeds a first threshold; (2) signal strength associated with currentsignal source of the Type 2 device is below a second threshold; (3) aprocessed signal strength associated with current signal source of theType 2 device is below a third threshold, the signal strength processedwith low pass filter, band pass filter, median filter, moving averagefilter, weighted averaging filter, linear filter and/or non-linearfilter; and/or (4) signal strength (or processed signal strength)associated with current signal source of the Type 2 device is below afourth threshold for a significant percentage of a recent time window(e.g. 70%, 80%, 90° %). The percentage may exceed a fifth threshold. Thefirst, second, third, fourth and/or fifth thresholds may be timevarying.

Condition (1) may occur when the Type 1 device and the Type 2 devicebecome progressively far away from each other, such that some probesignal from the Type 1 device becomes too weak and is not received bythe Type 2 device. Conditions (2)-(4) may occur when the two devicesbecome far from each other such that the signal strength becomes veryweak.

The signal source of the Type 2 device may not change if other Type 1devices have signal strength weaker than a factor (e.g. 1, 1.1, 1.2, or1.5) of the current signal source. If the signal source is changed (e.g.adjusted, varied, modified), the new signal source may take effect at anear future time (e.g. the respective next time). The new signal sourcemay be the Type 1 device with strongest signal strength, and/orprocessed signal strength. The current and new signal source may besame/different.

A list of available Type 1 devices may be initialized and maintained byeach Type 2 device. The list may be updated by examining signal strengthand/or processed signal strength associated with the respective set ofType 1 devices. A Type 2 device may choose between a first series ofprobe signals from a first Type 1 device and a second series of probesignals from a second Type 1 device based on: respective probe signalrate, MAC addresses, channels, characteristics/properties/states, taskto be performed by the Type 2 device, signal strength of first andsecond series, and/or another consideration.

The series of probe signals may be transmitted at a regular rate (e.g.100 Hz). The series of probe signals may be scheduled at a regularinterval (e.g. 0.01 s for 100 Hz), but each probe signal may experiencesmall time perturbation, perhaps due to timing requirement, timingcontrol, network control, handshaking, message passing, collisionavoidance, carrier sensing, congestion, availability of resources,and/or another consideration. The rate may be changed (e.g. adjusted,varied, modified). The change may be according to a time table (e.g.changed once every hour), rule, policy, mode, condition and/or change(e.g. changed whenever some event occur). For example, the rate maynormally be 100 Hz, but changed to 1000 Hz in demanding situations, andto 1 Hz in low power/standby situation. The probe signals may be sent inburst.

The probe signal rate may change based on a task performed by the Type 1device or Type 2 device (e.g. a task may need 100 Hz normally and 1000Hz momentarily for 20 seconds). In one example, the transmitters (Type 1devices), receivers (Type 2 device), and associated tasks may beassociated adaptively (and/or dynamically) to classes (e.g. classes thatare: low-priority, high-priority, emergency, critical, regular,privileged, non-subscription, subscription, paying, and/or non-paying).A rate (of a transmitter) may be adjusted for the sake of some class(e.g. high priority class). When the need of that class changes, therate may be changed (e.g. adjusted, varied, modified). When a receiverhas critically low power, the rate may be reduced to reduce powerconsumption of the receiver to respond to the probe signals. In oneexample, probe signals may be used to transfer power wirelessly to areceiver (Type 2 device), and the rate may be adjusted to control theamount of power transferred to the receiver.

The rate may be changed by (or based on): a server (e.g. hub device),the Type 1 device and/or the Type 2 device. Control signals may becommunicated between them. The server may monitor, track, forecastand/or anticipate the needs of the Type 2 device and/or the tasksperformed by the Type 2 device, and may control the Type 1 device tochange the rate. The server may make scheduled changes to the rateaccording to a time table. The server may detect an emergency situationand change the rate immediately. The server may detect a developingcondition and adjust the rate gradually. The characteristics and/or STI(e.g. motion information) may be monitored individually based on a TSCIassociated with a particular Type 1 device and a particular Type 2device, and/or monitored jointly based on any TSCI associated with theparticular Type 1 device and any Type 2 device, and/or monitored jointlybased on any TSCI associated with the particular Type 2 device and anyType 1 device, and/or monitored globally based on any TSCI associatedwith any Type 1 device and any Type 2 device. Any joint monitoring maybe associated with: a user, user account, profile, household, map ofvenue, environmental model of the venue, and/or user history, etc.

A first channel between a Type 1 device and a Type 2 device may bedifferent from a second channel between another Type 1 device andanother Type 2 device. The two channels may be associated with differentfrequency bands, bandwidth, carrier frequency, modulation, wirelessstandards, coding, encryption, payload characteristics, networks,network ID, SSID, network characteristics, network settings, and/ornetwork parameters, etc. The two channels may be associated withdifferent kinds of wireless system (e.g. two of the following: WiFi,LTE, LTE-A, LTE-U, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, beyond 4G, 5G, 6G, 7G, a cellularnetwork standard, UMTS, 3GPP, GSM, EDGE, TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, WCDMA,TD-SCDMA, 802.11 system, 802.15 system, 802.16 system, mesh network,Zigbee, NFC, WiMax, Bluetooth, BLE, RFID, UWB, microwave system, radarlike system). For example, one is WiFi and the other is LTE.

The two channels may be associated with similar kinds of wirelesssystem, but in different network. For example, the first channel may beassociated with a WiFi network named “Pizza and Pizza” in the 2.4 GHzband with a bandwidth of 20 MHz while the second may be associated witha WiFi network with SSID of “StarBud hotspot” in the 5 GHz band with abandwidth of 40 MHz. The two channels may be different channels in samenetwork (e.g. the “StarBud hotspot” network).

In one embodiment, a wireless monitoring system may comprise training aclassifier of multiple events in a venue based on training TSCIassociated with the multiple events. A CI or TSCI associated with anevent may be considered/may comprise a wirelesssample/characteristics/fingerprint associated with the event (and/or thevenue, the environment, the object, the motion of the object, astate/emotional state/mentalstate/condition/stage/gesture/gait/action/movement/activity/dailyactivity/history/event of the object, etc.). For each of the multipleknown events happening in the venue in a respective training (e.g.surveying, wireless survey, initial wireless survey) time periodassociated with the known event, a respective training wireless signal(e.g. a respective series of training probe signals) may be transmittedby an antenna of a first Type 1 heterogeneous wireless device using aprocessor, a memory and a set of instructions of the first Type 1 deviceto at least one first Type 2 heterogeneous wireless device through awireless multipath channel in the venue in the respective training timeperiod.

At least one respective time series of training CI (training TSCI) maybe obtained asynchronously by each of the at least one first Type 2device from the (respective) training signal. The CI may be CI of thechannel between the first Type 2 device and the first Type 1 device inthe training time period associated with the known event. The at leastone training TSCI may be preprocessed. The training may be a wirelesssurvey (e.g. during installation of Type 1 device and/or Type 2 device).

For a current event happening in the venue in a current time period, acurrent wireless signal (e.g. a series of current probe signals) may betransmitted by an antenna of a second Type 1 heterogeneous wirelessdevice using a processor, a memory and a set of instructions of thesecond Type 1 device to at least one second Type 2 heterogeneouswireless device through the channel in the venue in the current timeperiod associated with the current event. At least one time series ofcurrent CI (current TSCI) may be obtained asynchronously by each of theat least one second Type 2 device from the current signal (e.g. theseries of current probe signals). The CI may be CI of the channelbetween the second Type 2 device and the second Type 1 device in thecurrent time period associated with the current event. The at least onecurrent TSCI may be preprocessed.

The classifier may be applied to classify at least one current TSCIobtained from the series of current probe signals by the at least onesecond Type 2 device, to classify at least one portion of a particularcurrent TSCI, and/or to classify a combination of the at least oneportion of the particular current TSCI and another portion of anotherTSCI. The classifier may partition TSCI (or the characteristics/STI orother analytics or output responses) into clusters and associate theclusters to specificevents/objects/subjects/locations/movements/activities. Labels/tags maybe generated for the clusters. The clusters may be stored and retrieved.The classifier may be applied to associate the current TSCI (orcharacteristics/STI or the other analytics/output response, perhapsassociated with a current event) with: a cluster, a known/specificevent, a class/category/group/grouping/list/cluster/set of knownevents/subjects/locations/movements/activities, an unknown event, aclass/category/group/grouping/list/cluster/set of unknownevents/subjects/locations/movements/activities, and/or anotherevent/subject/location/movement/activity/class/category/group/grouping/list/cluster/set.Each TSCI may comprise at least one CI each associated with a respectivetimestamp. Two TSCI associated with two Type 2 devices may be differentwith different: starting time, duration, stopping time, amount of CI,sampling frequency, sampling period. Their CI may have differentfeatures. The first and second Type 1 devices may be at same location inthe venue. They may be the same device. The at least one second Type 2device (or their locations) may be a permutation of the at least onefirst Type 2 device (or their locations). A particular second Type 2device and a particular first Type 2 device may be the same device. Asubset of the first Type 2 device and a subset of the second Type 2device may be the same. The at least one second Type 2 device and/or asubset of the at least one second Type 2 device may be a subset of theat least one first Type 2 device. The at least one first Type 2 deviceand/or a subset of the at least one first Type 2 device may be apermutation of a subset of the at least one second Type 2 device. The atleast one second Type 2 device and/or a subset of the at least onesecond Type 2 device may be a permutation of a subset of the at leastone first Type 2 device. The at least one second Type 2 device and/or asubset of the at least one second Type 2 device may be at samerespective location as a subset of the at least one first Type 2 device.The at least one first Type 2 device and/or a subset of the at least onefirst Type 2 device may be at same respective location as a subset ofthe at least one second Type 2 device.

The antenna of the Type 1 device and the antenna of the second Type 1device may be at same location in the venue. Antenna(s) of the at leastone second Type 2 device and/or antenna(s) of a subset of the at leastone second Type 2 device may be at same respective location asrespective antenna(s) of a subset of the at least one first Type 2device. Antenna(s) of the at least one first Type 2 device and/orantenna(s) of a subset of the at least one first Type 2 device may be atsame respective location(s) as respective antenna(s) of a subset of theat least one second Type 2 device.

A first section of a first time duration of the first TSCI and a secondsection of a second time duration of the second section of the secondTSCI may be aligned. A map between items of the first section and itemsof the second section may be computed. The first section may comprise afirst segment (e.g. subset) of the first TSCI with a firststarting/ending time, and/or another segment (e.g. subset) of aprocessed first TSCI. The processed first TSCI may be the first TSCIprocessed by a first operation. The second section may comprise a secondsegment (e.g. subset) of the second TSCI with a second starting time anda second ending time, and another segment (e.g. subset) of a processedsecond TSCI. The processed second TSCI may be the second TSCI processedby a second operation. The first operation and/or the second operationmay comprise: subsampling, re-sampling, interpolation, filtering,transformation, feature extraction, pre-processing, and/or anotheroperation.

A first item of the first section may be mapped to a second item of thesecond section. The first item of the first section may also be mappedto another item of the second section. Another item of the first sectionmay also be mapped to the second item of the second section. The mappingmay be one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, many-to-many. At least onefunction of at least one of: the first item of the first section of thefirst TSCI, another item of the first TSCI, timestamp of the first item,time difference of the first item, time differential of the first item,neighboring timestamp of the first item, another timestamp associatedwith the first item, the second item of the second section of the secondTSCI, another item of the second TSCI, timestamp of the second item,time difference of the second item, time differential of the seconditem, neighboring timestamp of the second item, and another timestampassociated with the second item, may satisfy at least one constraint.

One constraint may be that a difference between the timestamp of thefirst item and the timestamp of the second item may be upper-bounded byan adaptive (and/or dynamically adjusted) upper threshold andlower-bounded by an adaptive lower threshold.

The first section may be the entire first TSCI. The second section maybe the entire second TSCI. The first time duration may be equal to thesecond time duration. A section of a time duration of a TSCI may bedetermined adaptively (and/or dynamically). A tentative section of theTSCI may be computed. A starting time and an ending time of a section(e.g. the tentative section, the section) may be determined. The sectionmay be determined by removing a beginning portion and an ending portionof the tentative section. A beginning portion of a tentative section maybe determined as follows. Iteratively, items of the tentative sectionwith increasing timestamp may be considered as a current item, one itemat a time.

In each iteration, at least one activity measure/index may be computedand/or considered. The at least one activity measure may be associatedwith at least one of: the current item associated with a currenttimestamp, past items of the tentative section with timestamps notlarger than the current timestamp, and/or future items of the tentativesection with timestamps not smaller than the current timestamp. Thecurrent item may be added to the beginning portion of the tentativesection if at least one criterion (e.g. quality criterion, signalquality condition) associated with the at least one activity measure issatisfied.

The at least one criterion associated with the activity measure maycomprise at least one of: (a) the activity measure is smaller than anadaptive (e.g. dynamically adjusted) upper threshold, (b) the activitymeasure is larger than an adaptive lower threshold, (c) the activitymeasure is smaller than an adaptive upper threshold consecutively for atleast a predetermined amount of consecutive timestamps, (d) the activitymeasure is larger than an adaptive lower threshold consecutively for atleast another predetermined amount of consecutive timestamps, (e) theactivity measure is smaller than an adaptive upper thresholdconsecutively for at least a predetermined percentage of thepredetermined amount of consecutive timestamps, (f) the activity measureis larger than an adaptive lower threshold consecutively for at leastanother predetermined percentage of the another predetermined amount ofconsecutive timestamps, (g) another activity measure associated withanother timestamp associated with the current timestamp is smaller thananother adaptive upper threshold and larger than another adaptive lowerthreshold, (h) at least one activity measure associated with at leastone respective timestamp associated with the current timestamp issmaller than respective upper threshold and larger than respective lowerthreshold, (i) percentage of timestamps with associated activity measuresmaller than respective upper threshold and larger than respective lowerthreshold in a set of timestamps associated with the current timestampexceeds a threshold, and (j) another criterion (e.g. a qualitycriterion, signal quality condition).

An activity measure/index associated with an item at time T1 maycomprise at least one of: (1) a first function of the item at time T1and an item at time T1−D1, wherein D1 is a pre-determined positivequantity (e.g. a constant time offset), (2) a second function of theitem at time T1 and an item at time T1+D1, (3) a third function of theitem at time T1 and an item at time T2, wherein T2 is a pre-determinedquantity (e.g. a fixed initial reference time; T2 may be changed (e.g.adjusted, varied, modified) over time; T2 may be updated periodically;T2 may be the beginning of a time period and T1 may be a sliding time inthe time period), and (4) a fourth function of the item at time T1 andanother item.

At least one of; the first function, the second function, the thirdfunction, and/or the fourth function may be a function (e.g. F(X, Y, . .. )) with at least two arguments: X and Y. The two arguments may bescalars. The function (e.g. F) may be a function of at least one of: X,Y, (X−Y), (Y−X), abs(X−Y), X∧a, Y∧B, abs(X∧−Y∧b), (X−Y)∧a, (X/Y),(X+a)/(Y+b), (X∧a/Y∧b), and ((X/Y)∧a−b), wherein a and b are may be somepredetermined quantities. For example, the function may simply beabs(X−Y), or (X−Y)∧2 (X−Y)∧4. The function may be a robust function. Forexample, the function may be (X−Y)∧2 when abs (X−Y) is less than athreshold T, and (X−Y)+a when abs(X−Y) is larger than T. Alternatively,the function may be a constant when abs(X−Y) is larger than T. Thefunction may also be bounded by a slowly increasing function whenabs(X−y) is larger than T, so that outliers cannot severely affect theresult. Another example of the function may be (abs(X/Y)−a), where a=1.In this way, if X=Y (i.e. no change or no activity), the function willgive a value of 0. If X is larger than Y, (X/Y) will be larger than 1(assuming X and Y are positive) and the function will be positive. Andif X is less than Y, (X/Y) will be smaller than 1 and the function willbe negative. In another example, both arguments X and Y may be n-tuplessuch that X=(x_1, x_2, . . . , x_n) and Y=(y_1, y_2, . . . , y_n). Thefunction may be a function of at least one of: x_i, y_i, (x_i−y_i),(y_i−x_i), abs(x_i−y_i), x_i∧a, y_i∧b, abs(x_i∧a−y_i∧b), (x_i−y_i)∧a,(x_i/y_i), (x_i+a)/(y_i+b), (x_i∧a/y_i∧b), and ((x_i/y_i)∧a−b), whereini is a component index of the n-tuple X and Y, and 1<=i<=n. E.g.component index of x_1 is i=1, component index of x_2 is i=2. Thefunction may comprise a component-by-component summation of anotherfunction of at least one of the following: x_i, y_i, (x_i−y_i),(y_i−x_i), abs(x_i−y_i), x_i∧a, y_i∧b, abs(x_i∧a−y_i∧b), (x_i−y_i)∧a,(x_i/y_i), (x_i+a)/(y_i+b), (x_i∧a/y_i∧b), and ((x_i/y_i)∧a−b), whereini is the component index of the n-tuple X and Y. For example, thefunction may be in a form of sum_{i=l}∧n (abs(x_i/y_i)−1)/n, orsum_{i=1}∧n w_i*(abs(x_i/y_i)−1), where w_i is some weight for componenti.

The map may be computed using dynamic time warping (DTW). The DTW maycomprise a constraint on at least one of: the map, the items of thefirst TSCI, the items of the second TSCI, the first time duration, thesecond time duration, the first section, and/or the second section.Suppose in the map, the i∧{th} domain item is mapped to the j∧{th} rangeitem. The constraint may be on admissible combination of i and j(constraint on relationship between i and j). Mismatch cost between afirst section of a first time duration of a first TSCI and a secondsection of a second time duration of a second TSCI may be computed.

The first section and the second section may be aligned such that a mapcomprising more than one links may be established between first items ofthe first TSCI and second items of the second TSCI. With each link, oneof the first items with a first timestamp may be associated with one ofthe second items with a second timestamp. A mismatch cost between thealigned first section and the aligned second section may be computed.The mismatch cost may comprise a function of: an item-wise cost betweena first item and a second item associated by a particular link of themap, and a link-wise cost associated with the particular link of themap.

The aligned first section and the aligned second section may berepresented respectively as a first vector and a second vector of samevector length. The mismatch cost may comprise at least one of: an innerproduct, inner-product-like quantity, quantity based on correlation,correlation indicator, quantity based on covariance, discriminatingscore, distance, Euclidean distance, absolute distance, Lk distance(e.g. L1, L2, . . . ), weighted distance, distance-like quantity and/oranother similarity value, between the first vector and the secondvector. The mismatch cost may be normalized by the respective vectorlength.

A parameter derived from the mismatch cost between the first section ofthe first time duration of the first TSCI and the second section of thesecond time duration of the second TSCI may be modeled with astatistical distribution. At least one of: a scale parameter, locationparameter and/or another parameter, of the statistical distribution maybe estimated. The first section of the first time duration of the firstTSCI may be a sliding section of the first TSCI. The second section ofthe second time duration of the second TSCI may be a sliding section ofthe second TSCI. A first sliding window may be applied to the first TSCIand a corresponding second sliding window may be applied to the secondTSCI. The first sliding window of the first TSCI and the correspondingsecond sliding window of the second TSCI may be aligned.

Mismatch cost between the aligned first sliding window of the first TSCIand the corresponding aligned second sliding window of the second TSCImay be computed. The current event may be associated with at least oneof: the known event, the unknown event and/or the another event, basedon the mismatch cost.

The classifier may be applied to at least one of: each first section ofthe first time duration of the first TSCI, and/or each second section ofthe second time duration of the second TSCI, to obtain at least onetentative classification results. Each tentative classification resultmay be associated with a respective first section and a respectivesecond section.

The current event may be associated with at least one of: the knownevent, the unknown event, a class/category/group/grouping/list/set ofunknown events, and/or the another event, based on the mismatch cost.The current event may be associated with at least one of: the knownevent, the unknown event and/or the another event, based on a largestnumber of tentative classification results in more than one sections ofthe first TSCI and corresponding more than sections of the second TSCI.For example, the current event may be associated with a particular knownevent if the mismatch cost points to the particular known event for Nconsecutive times (e.g. N=10). In another example, the current event maybe associated with a particular known event if the percentage ofmismatch cost within the immediate past N consecutive N pointing to theparticular known event exceeds a certain threshold (e.g. >80%). Inanother example, the current event may be associated with a known eventthat achieves smallest mismatch cost for the most times within a timeperiod. The current event may be associated with a known event thatachieves smallest overall mismatch cost, which is a weighted average ofat least one mismatch cost associated with the at least one firstsections. The current event may be associated with a particular knownevent that achieves smallest of another overall cost. The current eventmay be associated with the “unknown event” if none of the known eventsachieve mismatch cost lower than a first threshold T1 in a sufficientpercentage of the at least one first section. The current event may alsobe associated with the “unknown event” if none of the events achieve anoverall mismatch cost lower than a second threshold T2. The currentevent may be associated with at least one of: the known event, theunknown event and/or the another event, based on the mismatch cost andadditional mismatch cost associated with at least one additional sectionof the first TSCI and at least one additional section of the secondTSCI. The known events may comprise at least one of: a door closedevent, door open event, window closed event, window open event,multi-state event, on-state event, off-state event, intermediate stateevent, continuous state event, discrete state event, human-presentevent, human-absent event, sign-of-life-present event, and/or asign-of-life-absent event.

A projection for each CI may be trained using a dimension reductionmethod based on the training TSCI. The dimension reduction method maycomprise at least one of: principal component analysis (PCA), PCA withdifferent kernel, independent component analysis (ICA), Fisher lineardiscriminant, vector quantization, supervised learning, unsupervisedlearning, self-organizing maps, auto-encoder, neural network, deepneural network, and/or another method. The projection may be applied toat least one of: the training TSCI associated with the at least oneevent, and/or the current TSCI, for the classifier. The classifier ofthe at least one event may be trained based on the projection and thetraining TSCI associated with the at least one event. The at least onecurrent TSCI may be classified/categorized based on the projection andthe current TSCI. The projection may be re-trained using at least oneof: the dimension reduction method, and another dimension reductionmethod, based on at least one of: the training TSCI, at least onecurrent TSCI before retraining the projection, and/or additionaltraining TSCI. The another dimension reduction method may comprise atleast one of: principal component analysis (PCA), PCA with differentkernels, independent component analysis (ICA), Fisher lineardiscriminant, vector quantization, supervised learning, unsupervisedlearning, self-organizing maps, auto-encoder, neural network, deepneural network, and/or yet another method. The classifier of the atleast one event may be re-trained based on at least one of: there-trained projection, the training TSCI associated with the at leastone events, and/or at least one current TSCI. The at least one currentTSCI may be classified based on: the re-trained projection, there-trained classifier, and/or the current TSCI.

Each CI may comprise a vector of complex values. Each complex value maybe preprocessed to give the magnitude of the complex value. Each CI maybe preprocessed to give a vector of non-negative real numbers comprisingthe magnitude of corresponding complex values. Each training TSCI may beweighted in the training of the projection. The projection may comprisemore than one projected components. The projection may comprise at leastone most significant projected component. The projection may comprise atleast one projected component that may be beneficial for the classifier.

The channel information (CI) may be associated with/may comprise signalstrength, signal amplitude, signal phase, spectral power measurement,modem parameters (e.g. used in relation to modulation/demodulation indigital communication systems such as WiFi, 4G/LTE), dynamic beamforminginformation, transfer function components, radio state (e.g. used indigital communication systems to decode digital data, basebandprocessing state, RF processing state, etc.), measurable variables,sensed data, coarse-grained/fine-grained information of a layer (e.g.physical layer, data link layer, MAC layer, etc.), digital setting, gainsetting, RF filter setting, RF front end switch setting, DC offsetsetting, DC correction setting, IQ compensation setting, effect(s) onthe wireless signal by the environment (e.g. venue) during propagation,transformation of an input signal (the wireless signal transmitted bythe Type 1 device) to an output signal (the wireless signal received bythe Type 2 device), a stable behavior of the environment, a stateprofile, wireless channel measurements, received signal strengthindicator (RSSI), channel state information (CSI), channel impulseresponse (CIR), channel frequency response (CFR), characteristics offrequency components (e.g. subcarriers) in a bandwidth, channelcharacteristics, channel filter response, timestamp, auxiliaryinformation, data, meta data, user data, account data, access data,security data, session data, status data, supervisory data, householddata, identity (ID), identifier, device data, network data, neighborhooddata, environment data, real-time data, sensor data, stored data,encrypted data, compressed data, protected data, and/or another channelinformation. Each CI may be associated with a time stamp, and/or anarrival time. A CSI can be used to equalize/undo/minimize/reduce themultipath channel effect (of the transmission channel) to demodulate asignal similar to the one transmitted by the transmitter through themultipath channel. The CI may be associated with information associatedwith a frequency band, frequency signature, frequency phase, frequencyamplitude, frequency trend, frequency characteristics, frequency-likecharacteristics, time domain element, frequency domain element,time-frequency domain element, orthogonal decomposition characteristics,and/or non-orthogonal decomposition characteristics of the signalthrough the channel. The TSCI may be a stream of wireless signals (e.g.CI).

The CI may be preprocessed, processed, postprocessed, stored (e.g. inlocal memory, portable/mobile memory, removable memory, storage network,cloud memory, in a volatile manner, in a non-volatile manner),retrieved, transmitted and/or received. One or more modem parametersand/or radio state parameters may be held constant. The modem parametersmay be applied to a radio subsystem. The modem parameters may representa radio state. A motion detection signal (e.g. baseband signal, and/orpacket decoded/demodulated from the baseband signal, etc.) may beobtained by processing (e.g. down-converting) the first wireless signal(e.g. RF/WiFi/LTE/5G signal) by the radio subsystem using the radiostate represented by the stored modem parameters. The modemparameters/radio state may be updated (e.g. using previous modemparameters or previous radio state). Both the previous and updated modemparameters/radio states may be applied in the radio subsystem in thedigital communication system. Both the previous and updated modemparameters/radio states may be compared/analyzed/processed/monitored inthe task.

The channel information may also be modem parameters (e.g. stored orfreshly computed) used to process the wireless signal. The wirelesssignal may comprise a plurality of probe signals. The same modemparameters may be used to process more than one probe signals. The samemodem parameters may also be used to process more than one wirelesssignals. The modem parameters may comprise parameters that indicatesettings or an overall configuration for the operation of a radiosubsystem or a baseband subsystem of a wireless sensor device (or both).The modem parameters may include one or more of: a gain setting, an RFfilter setting, an RF front end switch setting, a DC offset setting, oran IQ compensation setting for a radio subsystem, or a digital DCcorrection setting, a digital gain setting, and/or a digital filteringsetting (e.g. for a baseband subsystem). The CI may also be associatedwith information associated with a time period, time signature,timestamp, time amplitude, time phase, time trend, and/or timecharacteristics of the signal. The CI may be associated with informationassociated with a time-frequency partition, signature, amplitude, phase,trend, and/or characteristics of the signal. The CI may be associatedwith a decomposition of the signal. The CI may be associated withinformation associated with a direction, angle of arrival (AoA), angleof a directional antenna, and/or a phase of the signal through thechannel. The CI may be associated with attenuation patterns of thesignal through the channel. Each CI may be associated with a Type 1device and a Type 2 device. Each CI may be associated with an antenna ofthe Type 1 device and an antenna of the Type 2 device.

The CI may be obtained from a communication hardware (e.g. of Type 2device, or Type 1 device) that is capable of providing the CI. Thecommunication hardware may be a WiFi-capable chip/IC (integratedcircuit), chip compliant with a 802.11 or 802.16 or anotherwireless/radio standard, next generation WiFi-capable chip, LTE-capablechip, 5G-capable chip, 6G/7G/8G-capable chip, Bluetooth-enabled chip,NFC (near field communication)-enabled chip, BLE (Bluetooth lowpower)-enabled chip, UWB chip, another communication chip (e.g. Zigbee,WiMax, mesh network), etc. The communication hardware computes the CIand stores the CI in a buffer memory and make the CI available forextraction. The CI may comprise data and/or at least one matricesrelated to channel state information (CSI). The at least one matricesmay be used for channel equalization, and/or beam forming, etc. Thechannel may be associated with a venue. The attenuation may be due tosignal propagation in the venue, signalpropagating/reflection/refraction/diffraction through/at/around air(e.g. air of venue), refraction medium/reflection surface such as wall,doors, furniture, obstacles and/or barriers, etc. The attenuation may bedue to reflection at surfaces and obstacles (e.g. reflection surface,obstacle) such as floor, ceiling, furniture, fixtures, objects, people,pets, etc. Each CI may be associated with a timestamp. Each CI maycomprise N1 components (e.g. N1 frequency domain components in CFR, N1time domain components in CIR, or N1 decomposition components). Eachcomponent may be associated with a component index. Each component maybe a real, imaginary, or complex quantity, magnitude, phase, flag,and/or set. Each CI may comprise a vector or matrix of complex numbers,a set of mixed quantities, and/or a multi-dimensional collection of atleast one complex numbers.

Components of a TSCI associated with a particular component index mayform a respective component time series associated with the respectiveindex. A TSCI may be divided into N1 component time series. Eachrespective component time series is associated with a respectivecomponent index. The characteristics/STI of the motion of the object maybe monitored based on the component time series. In one example, one ormore ranges of CIC (e.g. one range being from component 11 to component23, a second range being from component 44 to component 50, and a thirdrange having only one component) may be selected based on somecriteria/cost function/signal quality metric (e.g. based onsignal-to-noise ratio, and/or interference level) for furtherprocessing.

A component-wise characteristic of a component-feature time series of aTSCI may be computed. The component-wise characteristics may be a scalar(e.g. energy) or a function with a domain and a range (e.g. anautocorrelation function, transform, inverse transform). Thecharacteristics/STI of the motion of the object may be monitored basedon the component-wise characteristics. A total characteristics (e.g.aggregate characteristics) of the TSCI may be computed based on thecomponent-wise characteristics of each component time series of theTSCI. The total characteristics may be a weighted average of thecomponent-wise characteristics. The characteristics/STI of the motion ofthe object may be monitored based on the total characteristics. Anaggregate quantity may be a weighted average of individual quantities.

The Type 1 device and Type 2 device may support WiFi, WiMax, 3G/beyond3G, 4G/beyond 4G, LTE, LTE-A, 5G, 6G, 7G, Bluetooth, NFC, BLE, Zigbee,UWB, UMTS, 3GPP, GSM, EDGE, TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, meshnetwork, proprietary wireless system, IEEE 802.11 standard, 802.15standard, 802.16 standard, 3GPP standard, and/or another wirelesssystem.

A common wireless system and/or a common wireless channel may be sharedby the Type 1 transceiver and/or the at least one Type 2 transceiver.The at least one Type 2 transceiver may transmit respective signalcontemporaneously (or: asynchronously, synchronously, sporadically,continuously, repeatedly, concurrently, simultaneously and/ortemporarily) using the common wireless system and/or the common wirelesschannel. The Type 1 transceiver may transmit a signal to the at leastone Type 2 transceiver using the common wireless system and/or thecommon wireless channel.

Each Type 1 device and Type 2 device may have at least onetransmitting/receiving antenna. Each CI may be associated with one ofthe transmitting antenna of the Type 1 device and one of the receivingantenna of the Type 2 device. Each pair of a transmitting antenna and areceiving antenna may be associated with a link, a path, a communicationpath, signal hardware path, etc. For example, if the Type 1 device has M(e.g. 3) transmitting antennas, and the Type 2 device has N (e.g. 2)receiving antennas, there may be M×N (e.g. 3×2=6) links or paths. Eachlink or path may be associated with a TSCI.

The at least one TSCI may correspond to various antenna pairs betweenthe Type 1 device and the Type 2 device. The Type 1 device may have atleast one antenna. The Type 2 device may also have at least one antenna.Each TSCI may be associated with an antenna of the Type 1 device and anantenna of the Type 2 device. Averaging or weighted averaging overantenna links may be performed. The averaging or weighted averaging maybe over the at least one TSCI. The averaging may optionally be performedon a subset of the at least one TSCI corresponding to a subset of theantenna pairs.

Timestamps of CI of a portion of a TSCI may be irregular and may becorrected so that corrected timestamps of time-corrected CI may beuniformly spaced in time. In the case of multiple Type 1 devices and/ormultiple Type 2 devices, the corrected timestamp may be with respect tothe same or different clock. An original timestamp associated with eachof the CI may be determined. The original timestamp may not be uniformlyspaced in time. Original timestamps of all CI of the particular portionof the particular TSCI in the current sliding time window may becorrected so that corrected timestamps of time-corrected CI may beuniformly spaced in time.

The characteristics and/or STI (e.g. motion information) may comprise:location, location coordinate, change in location, position (e.g.initial position, new position), position on map, height, horizontallocation, vertical location, distance, displacement, speed,acceleration, rotational speed, rotational acceleration, direction,angle of motion, azimuth, direction of motion, rotation, path,deformation, transformation, shrinking, expanding, gait, gait cycle,head motion, repeated motion, periodic motion, pseudo-periodic motion,impulsive motion, sudden motion, fall-down motion, transient motion,behavior, transient behavior, period of motion, frequency of motion,time trend, temporal profile, temporal characteristics, occurrence,change, temporal change, change of CI, change in frequency, change intiming, change of gait cycle, timing, starting time, initiating time,ending time, duration, history of motion, motion type, motionclassification, frequency, frequency spectrum, frequencycharacteristics, presence, absence, proximity, approaching, receding,identity/identifier of the object, composition of the object, headmotion rate, head motion direction, mouth-related rate, eye-relatedrate, breathing rate, heart rate, tidal volume, depth of breath, inhaletime, exhale time, inhale time to exhale time ratio, airflow rate, heartheat-to-beat interval, heart rate variability, hand motion rate, handmotion direction, leg motion, body motion, walking rate, hand motionrate, positional characteristics, characteristics associated withmovement (e.g. change in position/location) of the object, tool motion,machine motion, complex motion, and/or combination of multiple motions,event, signal statistics, signal dynamics, anomaly, motion statistics,motion parameter, indication of motion detection, motion magnitude,motion phase, similarity score, distance score, Euclidean distance,weighted distance, L_1 norm, L_2 norm, L_k norm for k>2, statisticaldistance, correlation, correlation indicator, auto-correlation,covariance, auto-covariance, cross-covariance, inner product, outerproduct, motion signal transformation, motion feature, presence ofmotion, absence of motion, motion localization, motion identification,motion recognition, presence of object, absence of object, entrance ofobject, exit of object, a change of object, motion cycle, motion count,gait cycle, motion rhythm, deformation motion, gesture, handwriting,head motion, mouth motion, heart motion, internal organ motion, motiontrend, size, length, area, volume, capacity, shape, form, tag,starting/initiating location, ending location, starting/initiatingquantity, ending quantity, event, fall-down event, security event,accident event, home event, office event, factory event, warehouseevent, manufacturing event, assembly line event, maintenance event,car-related event, navigation event, tracking event, door event,door-open event, door-close event, window event, window-open event,window-close event, repeatable event, one-time event, consumed quantity,unconsumed quantity, state, physical state, health state, well-beingstate, emotional state, mental state, another event, analytics, outputresponses, and/or another information. The characteristics and/or STImay be computed/monitored based on a feature computed from a CI or aTSCI (e.g. feature computation/extraction). A static segment or profile(and/or a dynamic segment/profile) may beidentified/computed/analyzed/monitored/extracted/obtained/marked/disclosed/indicated/highlighted/stored/communicatedbased on an analysis of the feature. The analysis may comprise a motiondetection/movement assessment/presence detection. Computational workloadmay be shared among the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device and anotherprocessor.

The Type 1 device and/or Type 2 device may be a local device. The localdevice may be: a smart phone, smart device, TV, sound bar, set-top box,access point, router, repeater, wireless signal repeater/extender,remote control, speaker, fan, refrigerator, microwave, oven, coffeemachine, hot water pot, utensil, table, chair, light, lamp, door lock,camera, microphone, motion sensor, security device, fire hydrant, garagedoor, switch, power adapter, computer, dongle, computer peripheral,electronic pad, sofa, tile, accessory, home device, vehicle device,office device, building device, manufacturing device, watch, glasses,clock, television, oven, air-conditioner, accessory, utility, appliance,smart machine, smart vehicle, internet-of-thing (IoT) device,internet-enabled device, computer, portable computer, tablet, smarthouse, smart office, smart building, smart parking lot, smart system,and/or another device.

Each Type 1 device may be associated with a respective identifier (e.g.ID). Each Type 2 device may also be associated with a respectiveidentify (ID). The ID may comprise: numeral, combination of text andnumbers, name, password, account, account ID, web link, web address,index to some information, and/or another ID. The ID may be assigned.The ID may be assigned by hardware (e.g. hardwired, via dongle and/orother hardware), software and/or firmware. The ID may be stored (e.g. indatabase, in memory, in server (e.g. hub device), in the cloud, storedlocally, stored remotely, stored permanently, stored temporarily) andmay be retrieved. The ID may be associated with at least one record,account, user, household, address, phone number, social security number,customer number, another ID, another identifier, timestamp, and/orcollection of data. The ID and/or part of the ID of a Type 1 device maybe made available to a Type 2 device. The ID may be used forregistration, initialization, communication, identification,verification, detection, recognition, authentication, access control,cloud access, networking, social networking, logging, recording,cataloging, classification, tagging, association, pairing, transaction,electronic transaction, and/or intellectual property control, by theType 1 device and/or the Type 2 device.

The object may be person, user, subject, passenger, child, older person,baby, sleeping baby, baby in vehicle, patient, worker, high-valueworker, expert, specialist, waiter, customer in mall, traveler inairport/train station/bus terminal/shipping terminals,staff/worker/customer service personnel infactory/mall/supermarket/office/workplace, serviceman in sewage/airventilation system/lift well, lifts in lift wells, elevator, inmate,people to be tracked/monitored, animal, plant, living object, pet, dog,cat, smart phone, phone accessory, computer, tablet, portable computer,dongle, computing accessory, networked devices, WiFi devices, IoTdevices, smart watch, smart glasses, smart devices, speaker, keys, smartkey, wallet, purse, handbag, backpack, goods, cargo, luggage, equipment,motor, machine, air conditioner, fan, air conditioning equipment, lightfixture, moveable light, television, camera, audio and/or videoequipment, stationary, surveillance equipment, parts, signage, tool,cart, ticket, parking ticket, toll ticket, airplane ticket, credit card,plastic card, access card, food packaging, utensil, table, chair,cleaning equipment/tool, vehicle, car, cars in parking facilities,merchandise in warehouse/store/supermarket/distribution center, boat,bicycle, airplane, drone, remote control car/plane/boat, robot,manufacturing device, assembly line, material/unfinishedpart/robot/wagon/transports on factory floor, object to be tracked inairport/shopping mart/supermarket, non-object, absence of an object,presence of an object, object with form, object with changing form,object with no form, mass of fluid, mass of liquid, mass of gas/smoke,fire, flame, electromagnetic (EM) source, EM medium, and/or anotherobject. The object itself may be communicatively coupled with somenetwork, such as WiFi, MiFi, 3G/4G/LTE/5G/6G/7G, Bluetooth, NFC, BLE,WiMax, Zigbee, UMTS, 3GPP, GSM, EDGE, TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, WCDMA, TD-SCDMA,mesh network, adhoc network, and/or other network. The object itself maybe bulky with AC power supply, but is moved during installation,cleaning, maintenance, renovation, etc. It may also be installed inmoveable platform such as lift, pad, movable, platform, elevator,conveyor belt, robot, drone, forklift, car, boat, vehicle, etc. Theobject may have multiple parts, each part with different movement (e.g.change in position/location). For example, the object may be a personwalking forward. While walking, his left hand and right hand may move indifferent direction, with different instantaneous speed, acceleration,motion, etc.

The wireless transmitter (e.g. Type 1 device), the wireless receiver(e.g. Type 2 device), another wireless transmitter and/or anotherwireless receiver may move with the object and/or another object (e.g.in prior movement, current movement and/or future movement. They may becommunicatively coupled to one or more nearby device. They may transmitTSCI and/or information associated with the TSCI to the nearby device,and/or each other. They may be with the nearby device. The wirelesstransmitter and/or the wireless receiver may be part of a small (e.g.coin-size, cigarette box size, or even smaller), light-weight portabledevice. The portable device may be wirelessly coupled with a nearbydevice.

The nearby device may be smart phone, iPhone, Android phone, smartdevice, smart appliance, smart vehicle, smart gadget, smart TV, smartrefrigerator, smart speaker, smart watch, smart glasses, smart pad,iPad, computer, wearable computer, notebook computer, gateway. Thenearby device may be connected to a cloud server, local server (e.g. hubdevice) and/or other server via internet, wired internet connectionand/or wireless internet connection. The nearby device may be portable.The portable device, the nearby device, a local server (e.g. hub device)and/or a cloud server may share the computation and/or storage for atask (e.g. obtain TSCI, determine characteristics/STI of the objectassociated with the movement (e.g. change in position/location) of theobject, computation of time series of power (e.g. signal strength)information, determining/computing the particular function, searchingfor local extremum, classification, identifying particular value of timeoffset, de-noising, processing, simplification, cleaning, wireless smartsensing task, extract CI from signal, switching, segmentation, estimatetrajectory/path/track, process the map, processing trajectory/path/trackbased on environment models/constraints/limitations, correction,corrective adjustment, adjustment, map-based (or model-based)correction, detecting error, checking for boundary hitting,thresholding) and information (e.g. TSCI). The nearby device may/may notmove with the object. The nearby device may be portable/notportable/moveable/non-moveable. The nearby device may use battery power,solar power, AC power and/or other power source. The nearby device mayhave replaceable/non-replaceable battery, and/orrechargeable/non-rechargeable battery. The nearby device may be similarto the object. The nearby device may have identical (and/or similar)hardware and/or software to the object. The nearby device may be a smartdevice, network enabled device, device with connection toWiFi/3G/4G/5G/6G/Zigbee/Bluetooth/NFC/UMTS/3GPP/GSM/EDGE/TDMA/FDMA/CDMA/WCDMA/TD-SCDMA/adhocnetwork/other network, smart speaker, smart watch, smart clock, smartappliance, smart machine, smart equipment, smart tool, smart vehicle,internet-of-thing (IoT) device, internet-enabled device, computer,portable computer, tablet, and another device. The nearby device and/orat least one processor associated with the wireless receiver, thewireless transmitter, the another wireless receiver, the anotherwireless transmitter and/or a cloud server (in the cloud) may determinethe initial STI of the object. Two or more of them may determine theinitial spatial-temporal info jointly. Two or more of them may shareintermediate information in the determination of the initial STI (e.g.initial position).

In one example, the wireless transmitter (e.g. Type 1 device, or TrackerBot) may move with the object. The wireless transmitter may send thesignal to the wireless receiver (e.g. Type 2 device, or Origin Register)or determining the initial STI (e.g. initial position) of the object.The wireless transmitter may also send the signal and/or another signalto another wireless receiver (e.g. another Type 2 device, or anotherOrigin Register) for the monitoring of the motion (spatial-temporalinfo) of the object. The wireless receiver may also receive the signaland/or another signal from the wireless transmitter and/or the anotherwireless transmitter for monitoring the motion of the object. Thelocation of the wireless receiver and/or the another wireless receivermay be known. In another example, the wireless receiver (e.g. Type 2device, or Tracker Bot) may move with the object. The wireless receivermay receive the signal transmitted from the wireless transmitter (e.g.Type 1 device, or Origin Register) for determining the initialspatial-temporal info (e.g. initial position) of the object. Thewireless receiver may also receive the signal and/or another signal fromanother wireless transmitter (e.g. another Type 1 device, or anotherOrigin Register) for the monitoring of the current motion (e.g.spatial-temporal info) of the object. The wireless transmitter may alsotransmit the signal and/or another signal to the wireless receiverand/or the another wireless receiver (e.g. another Type 2 device, oranother Tracker Bot) for monitoring the motion of the object. Thelocation of the wireless transmitter and/or the another wirelesstransmitter may be known.

The venue may be a space such as a sensing area, room, house, office,property, workplace, hallway, walkway, lift, lift well, escalator,elevator, sewage system, air ventilations system, staircase, gatheringarea, duct, air duct, pipe, tube, enclosed space, enclosed structure,semi-enclosed structure, enclosed area, area with at least one wall,plant, machine, engine, structure with wood, structure with glass,structure with metal, structure with walls, structure with doors,structure with gaps, structure with reflection surface, structure withfluid, building, roof top, store, factory, assembly line, hotel room,museum, classroom, school, university, government building, warehouse,garage, mall, airport, train station, bus terminal, hub, transportationhub, shipping terminal, government facility, public facility, school,university, entertainment facility, recreational facility, hospital,pediatric/neonatal wards, seniors home, elderly care facility, geriatricfacility, community center, stadium, playground, park, field, sportsfacility, swimming facility, track and/or field, basketball court,tennis court, soccer stadium, baseball stadium, gymnasium, hall, garage,shopping mart, mall, supermarket, manufacturing facility, parkingfacility, construction site, mining facility, transportation facility,highway, road, valley, forest, wood, terrain, landscape, den, patio,land, path, amusement park, urban area, rural area, suburban area,metropolitan area, garden, square, plaza, music hall, downtown facility,over-air facility, semi-open facility, closed area, train platform,train station, distribution center, warehouse, store, distributioncenter, storage facility, underground facility, space (e.g. aboveground, outer-space) facility, floating facility, cavern, tunnelfacility, indoor facility, open-air facility, outdoor facility with somewalls/doors/reflective barriers, open facility, semi-open facility, car,truck, bus, van, container, ship/boat, submersible, train, tram,airplane, vehicle, mobile home, cave, tunnel, pipe, channel,metropolitan area, downtown area with relatively tall buildings, valley,well, duct, pathway, gas line, oil line, water pipe, network ofinterconnecting pathways/alleys/roads/tubes/cavities/caves/pipe-likestructure/air space/fluid space, human body, animal body, body cavity,organ, bone, teeth, soft tissue, hard tissue, rigid tissue, non-rigidtissue, blood/body fluid vessel, windpipe, air duct, den, etc. The venuemay be indoor space, outdoor space, The venue may include both theinside and outside of the space. For example, the venue may include boththe inside of a building and the outside of the building. For example,the venue can be a building that has one floor or multiple floors, and aportion of the building can be underground. The shape of the buildingcan be, e.g., round, square, rectangular, triangle, or irregular-shaped.These are merely examples. The disclosure can be used to detect eventsin other types of venue or spaces.

The wireless transmitter (e.g. Type 1 device) and/or the wirelessreceiver (e.g. Type 2 device) may be embedded in a portable device (e.g.a module, or a device with the module) that may move with the object(e.g. in prior movement and/or current movement). The portable devicemay be communicatively coupled with the object using a wired connection(e.g. through USB, microUSB, Firewire, HDMI, serial port, parallel port,and other connectors) and/or a connection (e.g. Bluetooth, Bluetooth LowEnergy (BLE), WiFi, LTE, NFC, ZigBee). The portable device may be alightweight device. The portable may be powered by battery, rechargeablebattery and/or AC power. The portable device may be very small (e.g. atsub-millimeter scale and/or sub-centimeter scale), and/or small (e.g.coin-size, card-size, pocket-size, or larger). The portable device maybe large, sizable, and/or bulky (e.g. heavy machinery to be installed).The portable device may be a WiFi hotspot, access point, mobile WiFi(MiFi), dongle with USB/micro USB/Firewire/other connector, smartphone,portable computer, computer, tablet, smart device, internet-of-thing(IoT) device, WiFi-enabled device, LTE-enabled device, a smart watch,smart glass, smart mirror, smart antenna, smart battery, smart light,smart pen, smart ring, smart door, smart window, smart clock, smallbattery, smart wallet, smart belt, smart handbag, smartclothing/garment, smart ornament, smart packaging, smartpaper/book/magazine/poster/printed matter/signage/display/lightedsystem/lighting system, smart key/tool, smartbracelet/chain/necklace/wearable/accessory, smart pad/cushion, smarttile/block/brick/building material/other material, smart garbagecan/waste container, smart food carriage/storage, smart ball/racket,smart chair/sofa/bed, smart shoe/footwear/carpet/mat/shoe rack, smartglove/hand wear/ring/hand ware, smarthat/headwear/makeup/sticker/tattoo, smart mirror, smart toy, smart pill,smart utensil, smart bottle/food container, smart tool, smart device,IoT device, WiFi enabled device, network enabled device, 3G/4G/5G/6Genabled device, UMTS devices, 3GPP devices, GSM devices, EDGE devices,TDMA devices, FDMA devices, CDMA devices, WCDMA devices, TD-SCDMAdevices, embeddable device, implantable device, air conditioner,refrigerator, heater, furnace, furniture, oven, cooking device,television/set-top box (STB)/DVD player/audio player/video player/remotecontrol, hi-fi, audio device, speaker, lamp/light, wall, door, window,roof, roof tile/shingle/structure/atticstructure/device/feature/installation/fixtures, lawn mower/gardentools/yard tools/mechanics tools/garage tools/, garbage can/container,20-ft/40-ft container, storage container,factory/manufacturing/production device, repair tools, fluid container,machine, machinery to be installed, vehicle, cart, wagon, warehousevehicle, car, bicycle, motorcycle, boat, vessel, airplane,basket/box/bag/bucket/container, smartplate/cup/bowl/pot/mat/utensils/kitchen tools/kitchen devices/kitchenaccessories/cabinets/tables/chairs/tiles/lights/water pipes/taps/gasrange/oven/dishwashing machine/etc. The portable device may have abattery that may be replaceable, irreplaceable, rechargeable, and/ornon-rechargeable. The portable device may be wirelessly charged. Theportable device may be a smart payment card. The portable device may bea payment card used in parking lots, highways, entertainment parks, orother venues/facilities that need payment. The portable device may havean identity (ID)/identifier as described above.

An event may be monitored based on the TSCI. The event may be an objectrelated event, such as fall-down of the object (e.g. an person and/or asick person), rotation, hesitation, pause, impact (e.g. a person hittinga sandbag, door, window, bed, chair, table, desk, cabinet, box, anotherperson, animal, bird, fly, table, chair, ball, bowling ball, tennisball, football, soccer ball, baseball, basketball, volley ball),two-body action (e.g. a person letting go a balloon, catching a fish,molding a clay, writing a paper, person typing on a computer), carmoving in a garage, person carrying a smart phone and walking around anairport/mall/government building/office/etc., autonomous moveableobject/machine moving around (e.g. vacuum cleaner, utility vehicle, car,drone, self-driving car). The task or the wireless smart sensing taskmay comprise: object detection, presence detection, proximity detection,object recognition, activity recognition, object verification, objectcounting, daily activity monitoring, well-being monitoring, vital signmonitoring, health condition monitoring, baby monitoring, elderlymonitoring, sleep monitoring, sleep stage monitoring, walkingmonitoring, exercise monitoring, tool detection, tool recognition, toolverification, patient detection, patient monitoring, patientverification, machine detection, machine recognition, machineverification, human detection, human recognition, human verification,baby detection, baby recognition, baby verification, human breathingdetection, human breathing recognition, human breathing estimation,human breathing verification, human heart beat detection, human heartbeat recognition, human heart beat estimation, human heart beatverification, fall-down detection, fall-down recognition, fall-downestimation, fall-down verification, emotion detection, emotionrecognition, emotion estimation, emotion verification, motion detection,motion degree estimation, motion recognition, motion estimation, motionverification, periodic motion detection, periodic motion recognition,periodic motion estimation, periodic motion verification, repeatedmotion detection, repeated motion recognition, repeated motionestimation, repeated motion verification, stationary motion detection,stationary motion recognition, stationary motion estimation, stationarymotion verification, cyclo-stationary motion detection, cyclo-stationarymotion recognition, cyclo-stationary motion estimation, cyclo-stationarymotion verification, transient motion detection, transient motionrecognition, transient motion estimation, transient motion verification,trend detection, trend recognition, trend estimation, trendverification, breathing detection, breathing recognition, breathingestimation, breathing estimation, human biometrics detection, humanbiometric recognition, human biometrics estimation, human biometricsverification, environment informatics detection, environment informaticsrecognition, environment informatics estimation, environment informaticsverification, gait detection, gait recognition, gait estimation, gaitverification, gesture detection, gesture recognition, gestureestimation, gesture verification, machine learning, supervised learning,unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, clustering, featureextraction, featuring training, principal component analysis,eigen-decomposition, frequency decomposition, time decomposition,time-frequency decomposition, functional decomposition, otherdecomposition, training, discriminative training, supervised training,unsupervised training, semi-supervised training, neural network, suddenmotion detection, fall-down detection, danger detection, life-threatdetection, regular motion detection, stationary motion detection,cyclo-stationary motion detection, intrusion detection, suspiciousmotion detection, security, safety monitoring, navigation, guidance,map-based processing, map-based correction, model-basedprocessing/correction, irregularity detection, locationing, roomsensing, tracking, multiple object tracking, indoor tracking, indoorposition, indoor navigation, energy management, power transfer, wirelesspower transfer, object counting, car tracking in parking garage,activating a device/system (e.g. security system, access system, alarm,siren, speaker, television, entertaining system, camera,heater/air-conditioning (HVAC) system, ventilation system, lightingsystem, gaming system, coffee machine, cooking device, cleaning device,housekeeping device), geometry estimation, augmented reality, wirelesscommunication, data communication, signal broadcasting, networking,coordination, administration, encryption, protection, cloud computing,other processing and/or other task. The task may be performed by theType 1 device, the Type 2 device, another Type 1 device, another Type 2device, a nearby device, a local server (e.g. hub device), edge server,a cloud server, and/or another device. The task may be based on TSCIbetween any pair of Type 1 device and Type 2 device. A Type 2 device maybe a Type 1 device, and vice versa. A Type 2 device may play/perform therole (e.g. functionality) of Type 1 device temporarily, continuously,sporadically, simultaneously, and/or contemporaneously, and vice versa.A first part of the task may comprise at least one of: preprocessing,processing, signal conditioning, signal processing, post-processing,processingsporadically/continuously/simultaneously/contemporaneously/dynamically/adaptive/on-demand/as-needed,calibrating, denoising, feature extraction, coding, encryption,transformation, mapping, motion detection, motion estimation, motionchange detection, motion pattern detection, motion pattern estimation,motion pattern recognition, vital sign detection, vital sign estimation,vital sign recognition, periodic motion detection, periodic motionestimation, repeated motion detection/estimation, breathing ratedetection, breathing rate estimation, breathing pattern detection,breathing pattern estimation, breathing pattern recognition, heart beatdetection, heart beat estimation, heart pattern detection, heart patternestimation, heart pattern recognition, gesture detection, gestureestimation, gesture recognition, speed detection, speed estimation,object locationing, object tracking, navigation, accelerationestimation, acceleration detection, fall-down detection, changedetection, intruder (and/or illegal action) detection, baby detection,baby monitoring, patient monitoring, object recognition, wireless powertransfer, and/or wireless charging.

A second part of the task may comprise at least one of: a smart hometask, smart office task, smart building task, smart factory task (e.g.manufacturing using a machine or an assembly line), smartinternet-of-thing (IoT) task, smart system task, smart home operation,smart office operation, smart building operation, smart manufacturingoperation (e.g. moving supplies/parts/raw material to a machine/anassembly line), IoT operation, smart system operation, turning on alight, turning off the light, controlling the light in at least one of:a room, region, and/or the venue, playing a sound clip, playing thesound clip in at least one of: the room, the region, and/or the venue,playing the sound clip of at least one of: a welcome, greeting,farewell, first message, and/or a second message associated with thefirst part of the task, turning on an appliance, turning off theappliance, controlling the appliance in at least one of: the room, theregion, and/or the venue, turning on an electrical system, turning offthe electrical system, controlling the electrical system in at least oneof: the room, the region, and/or the venue, turning on a securitysystem, turning off the security system, controlling the security systemin at least one of: the room, the region, and/or the venue, turning on amechanical system, turning off a mechanical system, controlling themechanical system in at least one of: the room, the region, and/or thevenue, and/or controlling at least one of: an air conditioning system,heating system, ventilation system, lighting system, heating device,stove, entertainment system, door, fence, window, garage, computersystem, networked device, networked system, home appliance, officeequipment, lighting device, robot (e.g. robotic arm), smart vehicle,smart machine, assembly line, smart device, internet-of-thing (IoT)device, smart home device, and/or a smart office device.

The task may include: detect a user returning home, detect a userleaving home, detect a user moving from one room to another,detect/control/lock/unlock/open/close/partially open awindow/door/garage door/blind/curtain/panel/solar panel/sun shade,detect a pet, detect/monitor a user doing something (e.g. sleeping onsofa, sleeping in bedroom, running on treadmill, cooking, sitting onsofa, watching TV, eating in kitchen, eating in dining room, goingupstairs/downstairs, going outside/coming back, in the rest room),monitor/detect location of a user/pet, do something (e.g. send amessage, notify/report to someone) automatically upon detection, dosomething for the user automatically upon detecting the user, turnon/off/dim a light, turn on/off music/radio/home entertainment system,turn on/off/adjust/control TV/HiFi/set-top-box (STB)/home entertainmentsystem/smart speaker/smart device, turn on/off/adjust air conditioningsystem, turn on/off/adjust ventilation system, turn on/off/adjustheating system, adjust/control curtains/light shades, turn on/off/wake acomputer, turn on/off/pre-heat/control coffee machine/hot water pot,turn on/off/control/preheat cooker/oven/microwave oven/another cookingdevice, check/adjust temperature, check weather forecast, checktelephone message box, check mail, do a system check, control/adjust asystem, check/control/arm/disarm security system/baby monitor,check/control refrigerator, give a report (e.g. through a speaker suchas Google home, Amazon Echo, on a display/screen, via awebpage/email/messaging system/notification system).

For example, when a user arrives home in his car, the task may be to,automatically, detect the user or his car approaching, open the garagedoor upon detection, turn on the driveway/garage light as the userapproaches the garage, turn on air conditioner/heater/fan, etc. As theuser enters the house, the task may be to, automatically, turn on theentrance light, turn off driveway/garage light, play a greeting messageto welcome the user, turn on the music, turn on the radio and tuning tothe user's favorite radio news channel, open the curtain/blind, monitorthe user's mood, adjust the lighting and sound environment according tothe user's mood or the current/imminent event (e.g. do romantic lightingand music because the user is scheduled to eat dinner with girlfriend in1 hour) on the user's daily calendar, warm the food in microwave thatthe user prepared in the morning, do a diagnostic check of all systemsin the house, check weather forecast for tomorrow's work, check news ofinterest to the user, check user's calendar and to-do list and playreminder, check telephone answer system/messaging system/email and givea verbal report using dialog system/speech synthesis, remind (e.g. usingaudible tool such as speakers/HiFi/speechsynthesis/sound/voice/music/song/sound field/background soundfield/dialog system, using visual tool such as TV/entertainmentsystem/computer/notebook/smartpad/display/light/color/brightness/patterns/symbols, using haptictool/virtual reality tool/gesture/tool, using a smartdevice/appliance/material/furniture/fixture, using web tool/server/hubdevice/cloud server/fog server/edge server/home network/mesh network,using messaging tool/notification tool/communication tool/schedulingtool/email, using user interface/GUI, using scent/smell/fragrance/taste,using neural tool/nervous system tool, using a combination) the user ofhis mother's birthday and to call her, prepare a report, and give thereport (e.g. using a tool for reminding as discussed above). The taskmay turn on the air conditioner/heater/ventilation system in advance, oradjust temperature setting of smart thermostat in advance, etc. As theuser moves from the entrance to the living room, the task may be to turnon the living room light, open the living room curtain, open the window,turn off the entrance light behind the user, turn on the TV and set-topbox, set TV to the user's favorite channel, adjust an applianceaccording to the user's preference and conditions/states (e.g. adjustlighting and choose/play music to build a romantic atmosphere), etc.

Another example may be: When the user wakes up in the morning, the taskmay be to detect the user moving around in the bedroom, open theblind/curtain, open the window, turn off the alarm clock, adjust indoortemperature from night-time temperature profile to day-time temperatureprofile, turn on the bedroom light, turn on the restroom light as theuser approaches the restroom, check radio or streaming channel and playmorning news, turn on the coffee machine and preheat the water, turn offsecurity system, etc. When the user walks from bedroom to kitchen, thetask may be to turn on the kitchen and hallway lights, turn off thebedroom and restroom lights, move the music/message/reminder from thebedroom to the kitchen, turn on the kitchen TV, change TV to morningnews channel, lower the kitchen blind and open the kitchen window tobring in fresh air, unlock backdoor for the user to check the backyard,adjust temperature setting for the kitchen, etc. Another example may be:When the user leaves home for work, the task may be to detect the userleaving, play a farewell and/or have-a-good-day message, open/closegarage door, turn on/off garage light and driveway light, turn off/dimlights to save energy (just in case the user forgets), close/lock allwindows/doors (just in case the user forgets), turn off appliance(especially stove, oven, microwave oven), turn on/arm the home securitysystem to guard the home against any intruder, adjust airconditioning/heating/ventilation systems to “away-from-home” profile tosave energy, send alerts/reports/updates to the user's smart phone, etc.

A motion may comprise at least one of: a no-motion, resting motion,non-moving motion, movement, change in position/location, deterministicmotion, transient motion, fall-down motion, repeating motion, periodicmotion, pseudo-periodic motion, periodic/repeated motion associated withbreathing, periodic/repeated motion associated with heartbeat,periodic/repeated motion associated with living object,periodic/repeated motion associated with machine, periodic/repeatedmotion associated with man-made object, periodic/repeated motionassociated with nature, complex motion with transient element andperiodic element, repetitive motion, non-deterministic motion,probabilistic motion, chaotic motion, random motion, complex motion withnon-deterministic element and deterministic element, stationary randommotion, pseudo-stationary random motion, cyclo-stationary random motion,non-stationary random motion, stationary random motion with periodicautocorrelation function (ACF), random motion with periodic ACF forperiod of time, random motion that is pseudo-stationary for a period oftime, random motion of which an instantaneous ACF has apseudo-periodic/repeating element for a period of time, machine motion,mechanical motion, vehicle motion, drone motion, air-related motion,wind-related motion, weather-related motion, water-related motion,fluid-related motion, ground-related motion, change in electro-magneticcharacteristics, sub-surface motion, seismic motion, plant motion,animal motion, human motion, normal motion, abnormal motion, dangerousmotion, warning motion, suspicious motion, rain, fire, flood, tsunami,explosion, collision, imminent collision, human body motion, headmotion, facial motion, eye motion, mouth motion, tongue motion, neckmotion, finger motion, hand motion, arm motion, shoulder motion, bodymotion, chest motion, abdominal motion, hip motion, leg motion, footmotion, body joint motion, knee motion, elbow motion, upper body motion,lower body motion, skin motion, below-skin motion, subcutaneous tissuemotion, blood vessel motion, intravenous motion, organ motion, heartmotion, lung motion, stomach motion, intestine motion, bowel motion,eating motion, breathing motion, facial expression, eye expression,mouth expression, talking motion, singing motion, eating motion,gesture, hand gesture, arm gesture, keystroke, typing stroke,user-interface gesture, man-machine interaction, gait, dancing movement,coordinated movement, and/or coordinated body movement.

The heterogeneous IC of the Type 1 device and/or any Type 2 receiver maycomprise low-noise amplifier (LNA), power amplifier, transmit-receiveswitch, media access controller, baseband radio, 2.4 GHz radio, 3.65 GHzradio, 4.9 GHz radio, 5 GHz radio, 5.9 GHz radio, below 6 GHz radio,below 60 GHz radio and/or another radio. The heterogeneous IC maycomprise a processor, a memory communicatively coupled with theprocessor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory to be executedby the processor. The IC and/or any processor may comprise at least oneof: general purpose processor, special purpose processor,microprocessor, multi-processor, multi-core processor, parallelprocessor, CISC processor, RISC processor, microcontroller, centralprocessing unit (CPU), graphical processor unit (GPU), digital signalprocessor (DSP), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA), embedded processor (e.g. ARM), logiccircuit, other programmable logic device, discrete logic, and/or acombination. The heterogeneous IC may support broadband network,wireless network, mobile network, mesh network, cellular network,wireless local area network (WLAN), wide area network (WAN), andmetropolitan area network (MAN), WLAN standard, WiFi, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-U,802.11 standard, 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ad,802.11af, 802.11ah, 802.11ax, 802.11ay, mesh network standard, 802.15standard, 802.16 standard, cellular network standard, 3G, 3.5G, 4G,beyond 4G, 4.5G, 5G, 6G, 7G, 8G, 9G, UMTS, 3GPP, GSM, EDGE, TDMA, FDMA,CDMA, WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE), NFC,Zigbee, WiMax, and/or another wireless network protocol.

The processor may comprise general purpose processor, special purposeprocessor, microprocessor, microcontroller, embedded processor, digitalsignal processor, central processing unit (CPU), graphical processingunit (GPU), multi-processor, multi-core processor, and/or processor withgraphics capability, and/or a combination. The memory may be volatile,non-volatile, random access memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM),Electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically ErasableProgrammable ROM (EEPROM), hard disk, flash memory, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM,magnetic storage, optical storage, organic storage, storage system,storage network, network storage, cloud storage, edge storage, localstorage, external storage, internal storage, or other form ofnon-transitory storage medium known in the art. The set of instructions(machine executable code) corresponding to the method steps may beembodied directly in hardware, in software, in firmware, or incombinations thereof. The set of instructions may be embedded,pre-loaded, loaded upon boot up, loaded on the fly, loaded on demand,pre-installed, installed, and/or downloaded.

The presentation may be a presentation in an audio-visual way (e.g.using combination of visual, graphics, text, symbols, color, shades,video, animation, sound, speech, audio, etc.), graphical way (e.g. usingGUI, animation, video), textual way (e.g. webpage with text, message,animated text), symbolic way (e.g. emoticon, signs, hand gesture), ormechanical way (e.g. vibration, actuator movement, haptics, etc.).

Computational workload associated with the method is shared among theprocessor, the Type 1 heterogeneous wireless device, the Type 2heterogeneous wireless device, a local server (e.g. hub device), a cloudserver, and another processor.

An operation, pre-processing, processing and/or postprocessing may beapplied to data (e.g. TSCI, autocorrelation, features of TSCI). Anoperation may be preprocessing, processing and/or postprocessing. Thepreprocessing, processing and/or postprocessing may be an operation. Anoperation may comprise preprocessing, processing, post-processing,scaling, computing a confidence factor, computing a line-of-sight (LOS)quantity, computing a non-LOS (NLOS) quantity, a quantity comprising LOSand NLOS, computing a single link (e.g. path, communication path, linkbetween a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna) quantity,computing a quantity comprising multiple links, computing a function ofthe operands, filtering, linear filtering, nonlinear filtering, folding,grouping, energy computation, lowpass filtering, bandpass filtering,highpass filtering, median filtering, rank filtering, quartilefiltering, percentile filtering, mode filtering, finite impulse response(FIR) filtering, infinite impulse response (IIR) filtering, movingaverage (MA) filtering, autoregressive (AR) filtering, autoregressivemoving averaging (ARMA) filtering, selective filtering, adaptivefiltering, interpolation, decimation, subsampling, upsampling,resampling, time correction, time base correction, phase correction,magnitude correction, phase cleaning, magnitude cleaning, matchedfiltering, enhancement, restoration, denoising, smoothing, signalconditioning, enhancement, restoration, spectral analysis, lineartransform, nonlinear transform, inverse transform, frequency transform,inverse frequency transform, Fourier transform (FT), discrete time FT(DTFT), discrete FT (DFT), fast FT (FFT), wavelet transform, Laplacetransform, Hilbert transform, Hadamard transform, trigonometrictransform, sine transform, cosine transform, DCT, power-of-2 transform,sparse transform, graph-based transform, graph signal processing, fasttransform, a transform combined with zero padding, cyclic padding,padding, zero padding, feature extraction, decomposition, projection,orthogonal projection, non-orthogonal projection, over-completeprojection, eigen-decomposition, singular value decomposition (SVD),principle component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis(ICA), grouping, sorting, thresholding, soft thresholding, hardthresholding, clipping, soft clipping, first derivative, second orderderivative, high order derivative, convolution, multiplication,division, addition, subtraction, integration, maximization,minimization, least mean square error, recursive least square,constrained least square, batch least square, least absolute error,least mean square deviation, least absolute deviation, localmaximization, local minimization, optimization of a cost function,neural network, recognition, labeling, training, clustering, machinelearning, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervisedlearning, comparison with another TSCI, similarity score computation,quantization, vector quantization, matching pursuit, compression,encryption, coding, storing, transmitting, normalization, temporalnormalization, frequency domain normalization, classification,clustering, labeling, tagging, learning, detection, estimation, learningnetwork, mapping, remapping, expansion, storing, retrieving,transmitting, receiving, representing, merging, combining, splitting,tracking, monitoring, matched filtering, Kalman filtering, particlefilter, intrapolation, extrapolation, histogram estimation, importancesampling, Monte Carlo sampling, compressive sensing, representing,merging, combining, splitting, scrambling, error protection, forwarderror correction, doing nothing, time varying processing, conditioningaveraging, weighted averaging, arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonicmean, averaging over selected frequency, averaging over antenna links,logical operation, permutation, combination, sorting, AND, OR, XOR,union, intersection, vector addition, vector subtraction, vectormultiplication, vector division, inverse, norm, distance, and/or anotheroperation. The operation may be the preprocessing, processing, and/orpost-processing. Operations may be applied jointly on multiple timeseries or functions.

The function (e.g. function of operands) may comprise: scalar function,vector function, discrete function, continuous function, polynomialfunction, characteristics, feature, magnitude, phase, exponentialfunction, logarithmic function, trigonometric function, transcendentalfunction, logical function, linear function, algebraic function,nonlinear function, piecewise linear function, real function, complexfunction, vector-valued function, inverse function, derivative offunction, integration of function, circular function, function ofanother function, one-to-one function, one-to-many function, many-to-onefunction, many-to-many function, zero crossing, absolute function,indicator function, mean, mode, median, range, statistics, histogram,variance, standard deviation, measure of variation, spread, dispersion,deviation, divergence, range, interquartile range, total variation,absolute deviation, total deviation, arithmetic mean, geometric mean,harmonic mean, trimmed mean, percentile, square, cube, root, power,sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, cosecant, elliptical function,parabolic function, hyperbolic function, game function, zeta function,absolute value, thresholding, limiting function, floor function,rounding function, sign function, quantization, piecewise constantfunction, composite function, function of function, time functionprocessed with an operation (e.g. filtering), probabilistic function,stochastic function, random function, ergodic function, stationaryfunction, deterministic function, periodic function, repeated function,transformation, frequency transform, inverse frequency transform,discrete time transform, Laplace transform, Hilbert transform, sinetransform, cosine transform, triangular transform, wavelet transform,integer transform, power-of-2 transform, sparse transform, projection,decomposition, principle component analysis (PCA), independent componentanalysis (ICA), neural network, feature extraction, moving function,function of moving window of neighboring items of time series, filteringfunction, convolution, mean function, histogram, variance/standarddeviation function, statistical function, short-time transform, discretetransform, discrete Fourier transform, discrete cosine transform,discrete sine transform, Hadamard transform, eigen-decomposition,eigenvalue, singular value decomposition (SVD), singular value,orthogonal decomposition, matching pursuit, sparse transform, sparseapproximation, any decomposition, graph-based processing, graph-basedtransform, graph signal processing, classification, identifying aclass/group/category, labeling, learning, machine learning, detection,estimation, feature extraction, learning network, feature extraction,denoising, signal enhancement, coding, encryption, mapping, remapping,vector quantization, lowpass filtering, highpass filtering, bandpassfiltering, matched filtering, Kalman filtering, preprocessing,postprocessing, particle filter, FIR filtering, IIR filtering,autoregressive (AR) filtering, adaptive filtering, first orderderivative, high order derivative, integration, zero crossing,smoothing, median filtering, mode filtering, sampling, random sampling,resampling function, downsampling, down-converting, upsampling,up-converting, interpolation, extrapolation, importance sampling, MonteCarlo sampling, compressive sensing, statistics, short term statistics,long term statistics, autocorrelation function, cross correlation,moment generating function, time averaging, weighted averaging, specialfunction, Bessel function, error function, complementary error function,Beta function, Gamma function, integral function, Gaussian function,Poisson function, etc. Machine learning, training, discriminativetraining, deep learning, neural network, continuous time processing,distributed computing, distributed storage, acceleration usingGPU/DSP/coprocessor/multicore/multiprocessing may be applied to a step(or each step) of this disclosure.

A frequency transform may include Fourier transform, Laplace transform,Hadamard transform, Hilbert transform, sine transform, cosine transform,triangular transform, wavelet transform, integer transform, power-of-2transform, combined zero padding and transform, Fourier transform withzero padding, and/or another transform. Fast versions and/orapproximated versions of the transform may be performed. The transformmay be performed using floating point, and/or fixed point arithmetic.

An inverse frequency transform may include inverse Fourier transform,inverse Laplace transform, inverse Hadamard transform, inverse Hilberttransform, inverse sine transform, inverse cosine transform, inversetriangular transform, inverse wavelet transform, inverse integertransform, inverse power-of-2 transform, combined zero padding andtransform, inverse Fourier transform with zero padding, and/or anothertransform. Fast versions and/or approximated versions of the transformmay be performed. The transform may be performed using floating point,and/or fixed point arithmetic.

A quantity/feature from a TSCI may be computed. The quantity maycomprise statistic of at least one of: motion, location, map coordinate,height, speed, acceleration, movement angle, rotation, size, volume,time trend, pattern, one-time pattern, repeating pattern, evolvingpattern, time pattern, mutually excluding patterns, related/correlatedpatterns, cause-and-effect, correlation, short-term/long-termcorrelation, tendency, inclination, statistics, typical behavior,atypical behavior, time trend, time profile, periodic motion, repeatedmotion, repetition, tendency, change, abrupt change, gradual change,frequency, transient, breathing, gait, action, event, suspicious event,dangerous event, alarming event, warning, belief, proximity, collision,power, signal, signal power, signal strength, signal intensity, receivedsignal strength indicator (RSSI), signal amplitude, signal phase, signalfrequency component, signal frequency band component, channel stateinformation (CSI), map, time, frequency, time-frequency, decomposition,orthogonal decomposition, non-orthogonal decomposition, tracking,breathing, heart beat, statistical parameters, cardiopulmonarystatistics/analytics (e.g. output responses), daily activitystatistics/analytics, chronic disease statistics/analytics, medicalstatistics/analytics, an early (or instantaneous or contemporaneous ordelayed) indication/suggestion/sign/indicator/verifier/detection/symptomof a disease/condition/situation, biometric, baby, patient, machine,device, temperature, vehicle, parking lot, venue, lift, elevator,spatial, road, fluid flow, home, room, office, house, building,warehouse, storage, system, ventilation, fan, pipe, duct, people, human,car, boat, truck, airplane, drone, downtown, crowd, impulsive event,cyclo-stationary, environment, vibration, material, surface,3-dimensional, 2-dimensional, local, global, presence, and/or anothermeasurable quantity/variable.

Sliding time window may have time varying window width. It may besmaller at the beginning to enable fast acquisition and may increaseover time to a steady-state size. The steady-state size may be relatedto the frequency, repeated motion, transient motion, and/or STI to bemonitored. Even in steady state, the window size may be adaptively(and/or dynamically) changed (e.g. adjusted, varied, modified) based onbattery life, power consumption, available computing power, change inamount of targets, the nature of motion to be monitored, etc.

The time shift between two sliding time windows at adjacent timeinstance may be constant/variable/locally adaptive/dynamically adjustedover time. When shorter time shift is used, the update of any monitoringmay be more frequent which may be used for fast changing situations,object motions, and/or objects. Longer time shift may be used for slowersituations, object motions, and/or objects. The window width/size and/ortime shift may be changed (e.g. adjusted, varied, modified) upon a userrequest/choice. The time shift may be changed automatically (e.g. ascontrolled by processor/computer/server/hub device/cloud server) and/oradaptively (and/or dynamically).

At least one characteristics (e.g. characteristic value, orcharacteristic point) of a function (e.g. auto-correlation function,auto-covariance function, cross-correlation function, cross-covariancefunction, power spectral density, time function, frequency domainfunction, frequency transform) may be determined (e.g. by an objecttracking server, the processor, the Type 1 heterogeneous device, theType 2 heterogeneous device, and/or another device). The at least onecharacteristics of the function may include: a maximum, minimum,extremum, local maximum, local minimum, local extremum, local extremumwith positive time offset, first local extremum with positive timeoffset, n∧th local extremum with positive time offset, local extremumwith negative time offset, first local extremum with negative timeoffset, n∧th local extremum with negative time offset, constrainedmaximum, constrained minimum, constrained extremum, significant maximum,significant minimum, significant extremum, slope, derivative, higherorder derivative, maximum slope, minimum slope, local maximum slope,local maximum slope with positive time offset, local minimum slope,constrained maximum slope, constrained minimum slope, maximum higherorder derivative, minimum higher order derivative, constrained higherorder derivative, zero-crossing, zero crossing with positive timeoffset, n∧th zero crossing with positive time offset, zero crossing withnegative time offset, n∧th zero crossing with negative time offset,constrained zero-crossing, zero-crossing of slope, zero-crossing ofhigher order derivative, and/or another characteristics. At least oneargument of the function associated with the at least onecharacteristics of the function may be identified. Some quantity (e.g.spatial-temporal information of the object) may be determined based onthe at least one argument of the function.

A characteristics (e.g. characteristics of motion of an object in thevenue) may comprise at least one of: an instantaneous characteristics,short-term characteristics, repetitive characteristics, recurringcharacteristics, history, incremental characteristics, changingcharacteristics, deviational characteristics, phase, magnitude, degree,time characteristics, frequency characteristics, time-frequencycharacteristics, decomposition characteristics, orthogonal decompositioncharacteristics, non-orthogonal decomposition characteristics,deterministic characteristics, probabilistic characteristics, stochasticcharacteristics, autocorrelation function (ACF), mean, variance,standard deviation, measure of variation, spread, dispersion, deviation,divergence, range, interquartile range, total variation, absolutedeviation, total deviation, statistics, duration, timing, trend,periodic characteristics, repetition characteristics, long-termcharacteristics, historical characteristics, average characteristics,current characteristics, past characteristics, future characteristics,predicted characteristics, location, distance, height, speed, direction,velocity, acceleration, change of the acceleration, angle, angularspeed, angular velocity, angular acceleration of the object, change ofthe angular acceleration, orientation of the object, angular ofrotation, deformation of the object, shape of the object, change ofshape of the object, change of size of the object, change of structureof the object, and/or change of characteristics of the object.

At least one local maximum and at least one local minimum of thefunction may be identified. At least one localsignal-to-noise-ratio-like (SNR-like) parameter may be computed for eachpair of adjacent local maximum and local minimum. The SNR-like parametermay be a function (e.g. linear, log, exponential function, monotonicfunction) of a fraction of a quantity (e.g. power, magnitude) of thelocal maximum over the same quantity of the local minimum. It may alsobe the function of a difference between the quantity of the localmaximum and the same quantity of the local minimum. Significant localpeaks may be identified or selected. Each significant local peak may bea local maximum with SNR-like parameter greater than a threshold T1and/or a local maximum with amplitude greater than a threshold T2. Theat least one local minimum and the at least one local minimum in thefrequency domain may be identified/computed using a persistence-basedapproach.

A set of selected significant local peaks may be selected from the setof identified significant local peaks based on a selection criterion(e.g. a quality criterion, a signal quality condition). Thecharacteristics/STI of the object may be computed based on the set ofselected significant local peaks and frequency values associated withthe set of selected significant local peaks. In one example, theselection criterion may always correspond to select the strongest peaksin a range. While the strongest peaks may be selected, the unselectedpeaks may still be significant (rather strong).

Unselected significant peaks may be stored and/or monitored as“reserved” peaks for use in future selection in future sliding timewindows. As an example, there may be a particular peak (at a particularfrequency) appearing consistently over time. Initially, it may besignificant but not selected (as other peaks may be stronger). But inlater time, the peak may become stronger and more dominant and may beselected. When it became “selected”, it may be back-traced in time andmade “selected” in the earlier time when it was significant but notselected. In such case, the back-traced peak may replace a previouslyselected peak in an early time. The replaced peak may be the relativelyweakest, or a peak that appear in isolation in time (i.e. appearing onlybriefly in time).

In another example, the selection criterion may not correspond to selectthe strongest peaks in the range. Instead, it may consider not only the“strength” of the peak, but the “trace” of the peak—peaks that may havehappened in the past, especially those peaks that have been identifiedfor a long time. For example, if a finite state machine (FSM) is used,it may select the peak(s) based on the state of the FSM. Decisionthresholds may be computed adaptively (and/or dynamically) based on thestate of the FSM.

A similarity score and/or component similarity score may be computed(e.g. by a server (e.g. hub device), the processor, the Type 1 device,the Type 2 device, a local server, a cloud server, and/or anotherdevice) based on a pair of temporally adjacent CI of a TSCI. The pairmay come from the same sliding window or two different sliding windows.The similarity score may also be based on a pair of, temporally adjacentor not so adjacent, CI from two different TSCI. The similarity scoreand/or component similar score may be/comprise: time reversal resonatingstrength (TRRS), correlation, cross-correlation, auto-correlation,correlation indicator, covariance, cross-covariance, auto-covariance,inner product of two vectors, distance score, norm, metric, qualitymetric, signal quality condition, statistical characteristics,discrimination score, neural network, deep learning network, machinelearning, training, discrimination, weighted averaging, preprocessing,denoising, signal conditioning, filtering, time correction, timingcompensation, phase offset compensation, transformation, component-wiseoperation, feature extraction, finite state machine, and/or anotherscore. The characteristics and/or STI may be determined/computed basedon the similarity score.

Any threshold may be pre-determined, adaptively (and/or dynamically)determined and/or determined by a finite state machine. The adaptivedetermination may be based on time, space, location, antenna, path,link, state, battery life, remaining battery life, available power,available computational resources, available network bandwidth, etc.

A threshold to be applied to a test statistics to differentiate twoevents (or two conditions, or two situations, or two states), A and B,may be determined. Data (e.g. CI, channel state information (CSI), powerparameter) may be collected under A and/or under B in a trainingsituation. The test statistics may be computed based on the data.Distributions of the test statistics under A may be compared withdistributions of the test statistics under B (reference distribution),and the threshold may be chosen according to some criteria. The criteriamay comprise: maximum likelihood (ML), maximum aposterior probability(MAP), discriminative training, minimum Type 1 error for a given Type 2error, minimum Type 2 error for a given Type 1 error, and/or othercriteria (e.g. a quality criterion, signal quality condition). Thethreshold may be adjusted to achieve different sensitivity to the A, Band/or another event/condition/situation/state. The threshold adjustmentmay be automatic, semi-automatic and/or manual. The threshold adjustmentmay be applied once, sometimes, often, periodically, repeatedly,occasionally, sporadically, and/or on demand. The threshold adjustmentmay be adaptive (and/or dynamically adjusted). The threshold adjustmentmay depend on the object, object movement/location/direction/action,object characteristics/STI/size/property/trait/habit/behavior, thevenue, feature/fixture/furniture/barrier/material/machine/livingthing/thing/object/boundary/surface/medium that is in/at/of the venue,map, constraint of the map (or environmental model), theevent/state/situation/condition, time, timing, duration, current state,past history, user, and/or a personal preference, etc.

A stopping criterion (or skipping or bypassing or blocking or pausing orpassing or rejecting criterion) of an iterative algorithm may be thatchange of a current parameter (e.g. offset value) in the updating in aniteration is less than a threshold. The threshold may be 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2,or another number. The threshold may be adaptive (and/or dynamicallyadjusted). It may change as the iteration progresses. For the offsetvalue, the adaptive threshold may be determined based on the task,particular value of the first time, the current time offset value, theregression window, the regression analysis, the regression function, theregression error, the convexity of the regression function, and/or aniteration number.

The local extremum may be determined as the corresponding extremum ofthe regression function in the regression window. The local extremum maybe determined based on a set of time offset values in the regressionwindow and a set of associated regression function values. Each of theset of associated regression function values associated with the set oftime offset values may be within a range from the corresponding extremumof the regression function in the regression window.

The searching for a local extremum may comprise robust search,minimization, maximization, optimization, statistical optimization, dualoptimization, constraint optimization, convex optimization, globaloptimization, local optimization an energy minimization, linearregression, quadratic regression, higher order regression, linearprogramming, nonlinear programming, stochastic programming,combinatorial optimization, constraint programming, constraintsatisfaction, calculus of variations, optimal control, dynamicprogramming, mathematical programming, multi-objective optimization,multi-modal optimization, disjunctive programming, space mapping,infinite-dimensional optimization, heuristics, metaheuristics, convexprogramming, semidefinite programming, conic programming, coneprogramming, integer programming, quadratic programming, fractionalprogramming, numerical analysis, simplex algorithm, iterative method,gradient descent, subgradient method, coordinate descent, conjugategradient method, Newton's algorithm, sequential quadratic programming,interior point method, ellipsoid method, reduced gradient method,quasi-Newton method, simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation,interpolation method, pattern search method, line search,non-differentiable optimization, genetic algorithm, evolutionaryalgorithm, dynamic relaxation, hill climbing, particle swarmoptimization, gravitation search algorithm, simulated annealing, memeticalgorithm, differential evolution, dynamic relaxation, stochastictunneling, Tabu search, reactive search optimization, curve fitting,least square, simulation based optimization, variational calculus,and/or variant. The search for local extremum may be associated with anobjective function, loss function, cost function, utility function,fitness function, energy function, and/or an energy function.

Regression may be performed using regression function to fit sampleddata (e.g. CI, feature of CI, component of CI) or another function (e.g.autocorrelation function) in a regression window. In at least oneiteration, a length of the regression window and/or a location of theregression window may change. The regression function may be linearfunction, quadratic function, cubic function, polynomial function,and/or another function. The regression analysis may minimize at leastone of: error, aggregate error, component error, error in projectiondomain, error in selected axes, error in selected orthogonal axes,absolute error, square error, absolute deviation, square deviation,higher order error (e.g. third order, fourth order), robust error (e.g.square error for smaller error magnitude and absolute error for largererror magnitude, or first kind of error for smaller error magnitude andsecond kind of error for larger error magnitude), another error,weighted sum (or weighted mean) of absolute/square error (e.g. forwireless transmitter with multiple antennas and wireless receiver withmultiple antennas, each pair of transmitter antenna and receiver antennaform a link), mean absolute error, mean square error, mean absolutedeviation, and/or mean square deviation. Error associated with differentlinks may have different weights. One possibility is that some linksand/or some components with larger noise or lower signal quality metricmay have smaller or bigger weight), weighted sum of square error,weighted sum of higher order error, weighted sum of robust error,weighted sum of the another error, absolute cost, square cost, higherorder cost, robust cost, another cost, weighted sum of absolute cost,weighted sum of square cost, weighted sum of higher order cost, weightedsum of robust cost, and/or weighted sum of another cost. The regressionerror determined may be an absolute error, square error, higher ordererror, robust error, yet another error, weighted sum of absolute error,weighted sum of square error, weighted sum of higher order error,weighted sum of robust error, and/or weighted sum of the yet anothererror.

The time offset associated with maximum regression error (or minimumregression error) of the regression function with respect to theparticular function in the regression window may become the updatedcurrent time offset in the iteration.

A local extremum may be searched based on a quantity comprising adifference of two different errors (e.g. a difference between absoluteerror and square error). Each of the two different errors may comprisean absolute error, square error, higher order error, robust error,another error, weighted sum of absolute error, weighted sum of squareerror, weighted sum of higher order error, weighted sum of robust error,and/or weighted sum of the another error.

The quantity may be compared with a reference data or a referencedistribution, such as an F-distribution, central F-distribution, anotherstatistical distribution, threshold, threshold associated withprobability/histogram, threshold associated with probability/histogramof finding false peak, threshold associated with the F-distribution,threshold associated the central F-distribution, and/or thresholdassociated with the another statistical distribution.

The regression window may be determined based on at least one of: themovement (e.g. change in position/location) of the object, quantityassociated with the object, the at least one characteristics and/or STIof the object associated with the movement of the object, estimatedlocation of the local extremum, noise characteristics, estimated noisecharacteristics, signal quality metric, F-distribution, centralF-distribution, another statistical distribution, threshold, presetthreshold, threshold associated with probability/histogram, thresholdassociated with desired probability, threshold associated withprobability of finding false peak, threshold associated with theF-distribution, threshold associated the central F-distribution,threshold associated with the another statistical distribution,condition that quantity at the window center is largest within theregression window, condition that the quantity at the window center islargest within the regression window, condition that there is only oneof the local extremum of the particular function for the particularvalue of the first time in the regression window, another regressionwindow, and/or another condition.

The width of the regression window may be determined based on theparticular local extremum to be searched. The local extremum maycomprise first local maximum, second local maximum, higher order localmaximum, first local maximum with positive time offset value, secondlocal maximum with positive time offset value, higher local maximum withpositive time offset value, first local maximum with negative timeoffset value, second local maximum with negative time offset value,higher local maximum with negative time offset value, first localminimum, second local minimum, higher local minimum, first local minimumwith positive time offset value, second local minimum with positive timeoffset value, higher local minimum with positive time offset value,first local minimum with negative time offset value, second localminimum with negative time offset value, higher local minimum withnegative time offset value, first local extremum, second local extremum,higher local extremum, first local extremum with positive time offsetvalue, second local extremum with positive time offset value, higherlocal extremum with positive time offset value, first local extremumwith negative time offset value, second local extremum with negativetime offset value, and/or higher local extremum with negative timeoffset value.

A current parameter (e.g. time offset value) may be initialized based ona target value, target profile, trend, past trend, current trend, targetspeed, speed profile, target speed profile, past speed trend, the motionor movement (e.g. change in position/location) of the object, at leastone characteristics and/or STI of the object associated with themovement of object, positional quantity of the object, initial speed ofthe object associated with the movement of the object, predefined value,initial width of the regression window, time duration, value based oncarrier frequency of the signal, value based on subcarrier frequency ofthe signal, bandwidth of the signal, amount of antennas associated withthe channel, noise characteristics, signal h metric, and/or an adaptive(and/or dynamically adjusted) value. The current time offset may be atthe center, on the left side, on the right side, and/or at another fixedrelative location, of the regression window.

In the presentation, information may be displayed with a map (orenvironmental model) of the venue. The information may comprise:location, zone, region, area, coverage area, corrected location,approximate location, location with respect to (w.r.t.) a map of thevenue, location w.r.t. a segmentation of the venue, direction, path,path w.r.t. the map and/or the segmentation, trace (e.g. location withina time window such as the past 5 seconds, or past 10 seconds; the timewindow duration may be adjusted adaptively (and/or dynamically): thetime window duration may be adaptively (and/or dynamically) adjustedw.r.t. speed, acceleration, etc.), history of a path, approximateregions/zones along a path, history/summary of past locations, historyof past locations of interest, frequently-visited areas, customertraffic, crowd distribution, crowd behavior, crowd control information,speed, acceleration, motion statistics, breathing rate, heart rate,presence/absence of motion, presence/absence of people or pets orobject, presence/absence of vital sign, gesture, gesture control(control of devices using gesture), location-based gesture control,information of a location-based operation, identity (ID) or identifierof the respect object (e.g. pet, person, self-guided machine/device,vehicle, drone, car, boat, bicycle, self-guided vehicle, machine withfan, air-conditioner, TV, machine with movable part), identification ofa user (e.g. person), information of the user,location/speed/acceleration/direction/motion/gesture/gesturecontrol/motion trace of the user, ID or identifier of the user, activityof the user, state of the user, sleeping/resting characteristics of theuser, emotional state of the user, vital sign of the user, environmentinformation of the venue, weather information of the venue, earthquake,explosion, storm, rain, fire, temperature, collision, impact, vibration,event, door-open event, door-close event, window-open event,window-close event, fall-down event, burning event, freezing event,water-related event, wind-related event, air-movement event, accidentevent, pseudo-periodic event (e.g. running on treadmill, jumping up anddown, skipping rope, somersault, etc.), repeated event, crowd event,vehicle event, gesture of the user (e.g. hand gesture, arm gesture, footgesture, leg gesture, body gesture, head gesture, face gesture, mouthgesture, eye gesture, etc.). The location may be 2-dimensional (e.g.with 2D coordinates), 3-dimensional (e.g. with 3D coordinates). Thelocation may be relative (e.g. w.r.t. a map or environmental model) orrelational (e.g. halfway between point A and point B, around a corner,up the stairs, on top of table, at the ceiling, on the floor, on a sofa,close to point A, a distance R from point A, within a radius of R frompoint A, etc.). The location may be expressed in rectangular coordinate,polar coordinate, and/or another representation.

The information (e.g. location) may be marked with at least one symbol.The symbol may be time varying. The symbol may be flashing and/orpulsating with or without changing color/intensity. The size may changeover time. The orientation of the symbol may change over time. Thesymbol may be a number that reflects an instantaneous quantity (e.g.vital sign/breathing rate/heart rate/gesture/state/status/action/motionof a user, temperature, network traffic, network connectivity, status ofa device/machine, remaining power of a device, status of the device,etc.). The rate of change, the size, the orientation, the color, theintensity and/or the symbol may reflect the respective motion. Theinformation may be disclosed visually and/or described verbally (e.g.using pre-recorded voice, or voice synthesis). The information may bedescribed in text. The information may also be disclosed in a mechanicalway (e.g. an animated gadget, a movement of a movable part).

The user-interface (UI) device may be a smart phone (e.g. iPhone,Android phone), tablet (e.g. iPad), laptop (e.g. notebook computer),personal computer (PC), device with graphical user interface (GUI),smart speaker, device with voice/audio/speaker capability, virtualreality (VR) device, augmented reality (AR) device, smart car, displayin the car, voice assistant, voice assistant in a car, etc. The map (orenvironmental model) may be 2-dimensional, 3-dimensional and/orhigher-dimensional. (e.g. a time varying 2D/3D map/environmental model)Walls, windows, doors, entrances, exits, forbidden areas may be markedon the map or the model.

The map may comprise floor plan of a facility. The map or model may haveone or more layers (overlays). The map/model may be a maintenancemap/model comprising water pipes, gas pipes, wiring, cabling, air ducts,crawl-space, ceiling layout, and/or underground layout. The venue may besegmented/subdivided/zoned/grouped into multiplezones/regions/geographicregions/sectors/sections/territories/districts/precincts/localities/neighborhoods/areas/stretches/expansesuch as bedroom, living room, storage room, walkway, kitchen, diningroom, foyer, garage, first floor, second floor, rest room, offices,conference room, reception area, various office areas, various warehouseregions, various facility areas, etc. The segments/regions/areas may bedisclosed in a map/model. Different regions may be color-coded.Different regions may be disclosed with a characteristic (e.g. color,brightness, color intensity, texture, animation, flashing, flashingrate, etc.). Logical segmentation of the venue may be done using the atleast one heterogeneous Type 2 device, or a server (e.g. hub device), ora cloud server, etc.

Here is an example of the disclosed system, apparatus, and method.Stephen and his family want to install the disclosed wireless motiondetection system to detect motion in their 2000 sqft two-storey townhouse in Seattle, Wash. Because his house has two storeys, Stephendecided to use one Type 2 device (named A) and two Type 1 devices (namedB and C) in the ground floor. His ground floor has predominantly threerooms: kitchen, dining room and living room arranged in a straight line,with the dining room in the middle. The kitchen and the living rooms areon opposite end of the house. He put the Type 2 device (A) in the diningroom, and put one Type 1 device (B) in the kitchen and the other Type 1device (C) in the living room. With this placement of the devices, he ispractically partitioning the ground floor into 3 zones (dining room,living room and kitchen) using the motion detection system. When motionis detected by the AB pair and the AC pair, the system would analyze themotion information and associate the motion with one of the 3 zones.

When Stephen and his family go out on weekends (e.g. to go for a campduring a long weekend), Stephen would use a mobile phone app (e.g.Android phone app or iPhone app) to turn on the motion detection system.When the system detects motion, a warning signal is sent to Stephen(e.g. an SMS text message, an email, a push message to the mobile phoneapp, etc.). If Stephen pays a monthly fee (e.g. $10/month), a servicecompany (e.g. security company) will receive the warning signal throughwired network (e.g. broadband) or wireless network (e.g. home WiFi, LTE,3G, 2.5G, etc.) and perform a security procedure for Stephen (e.g. callhim to verify any problem, send someone to check on the house, contactthe police on behalf of Stephen, etc.). Stephen loves his aging motherand cares about her well-being when she is alone in the house. When themother is alone in the house while the rest of the family is out (e.g.go to work, or shopping, or go on vacation), Stephen would turn on themotion detection system using his mobile app to ensure the mother is ok.He then uses the mobile app to monitor his mother's movement in thehouse. When Stephen uses the mobile app to see that the mother is movingaround the house among the 3 regions, according to her daily routine,Stephen knows that his mother is doing ok. Stephen is thankful that themotion detection system can help him monitor his mother's well-beingwhile he is away from the house.

On a typical day, the mother would wake up at around 7 AM. She wouldcook her breakfast in the kitchen for about 20 minutes. Then she wouldeat the breakfast in the dining room for about 30 minutes. Then shewould do her daily exercise in the living room, before sitting down onthe sofa in the living room to watch her favorite TV show. The motiondetection system enables Stephen to see the timing of the movement ineach of the 3 regions of the house. When the motion agrees with thedaily routine, Stephen knows roughly that the mother should be doingfine. But when the motion pattern appears abnormal (e.g. there is nomotion until 10 AM, or she stayed in the kitchen for too long, or sheremains motionless for too long, etc.), Stephen suspects something iswrong and would call the mother to check on her. Stephen may even getsomeone (e.g. a family member, a neighbor, a paid personnel, a friend, asocial worker, a service provider) to check on his mother.

At some time, Stephen feels like repositioning the Type 2 device. Hesimply unplugs the device from the original AC power plug and plug itinto another AC power plug. He is happy that the wireless motiondetection system is plug-and-play and the repositioning does not affectthe operation of the system. Upon powering up, it works right away.Sometime later, Stephen is convinced that the disclosed wireless motiondetection system can really detect motion with very high accuracy andvery low alarm, and he really can use the mobile app to monitor themotion in the ground floor. He decides to install a similar setup (i.e.one Type 2 device and two Type 1 devices) in the second floor to monitorthe bedrooms in the second floor. Once again, he finds that the systemset up is extremely easy as he simply needs to plug the Type 2 deviceand the Type 1 devices into the AC power plug in the second floor. Nospecial installation is needed. And he can use the same mobile app tomonitor motion in the ground floor and the second floor. Each Type 2device in the ground floor/second floor can interact with all the Type 1devices in both the ground floor and the second floor. Stephen is happyto see that, as he doubles his investment in the Type 1 and Type 2devices, he has more than double the capability of the combined systems.

According to various embodiments, each CI (CI) may comprise at least oneof: channel state information (CSI), frequency domain CSI, frequencyrepresentation of CSI, frequency domain CSI associated with at least onesub-band, time domain CSI, CSI in domain, channel response, estimatedchannel response, channel impulse response (CIR), channel frequencyresponse (CFR), channel characteristics, channel filter response, CSI ofthe wireless multipath channel, information of the wireless multipathchannel, timestamp, auxiliary information, data, meta data, user data,account data, access data, security data, session data, status data,supervisory data, household data, identity (ID), identifier, devicedata, network data, neighborhood data, environment data, real-time data,sensor data, stored data, encrypted data, compressed data, protecteddata, and/or another CI. In one embodiment, the disclosed system hashardware components (e.g. wireless transmitter/receiver with antenna,analog circuitry, power supply, processor, memory) and correspondingsoftware components. According to various embodiments of the presentteaching, the disclosed system includes Bot (referred to as a Type 1device) and Origin (referred to as a Type 2 device) for vital signdetection and monitoring. Each device comprises a transceiver, aprocessor and a memory.

The disclosed system can be applied in many cases. In one example, theType 1 device (transmitter) may be a small WiFi-enabled device restingon the table. It may also be a WiFi-enabled television (TV), set-top box(STB), a smart speaker (e.g. Amazon echo), a smart refrigerator, a smartmicrowave oven, a mesh network router, a mesh network satellite, a smartphone, a computer, a tablet, a smart plug, etc. In one example, the Type2 (receiver) may be a WiFi-enabled device resting on the table. It mayalso be a WiFi-enabled television (TV), set-top box (STB), a smartspeaker (e.g. Amazon echo), a smart refrigerator, a smart microwaveoven, a mesh network router, a mesh network satellite, a smart phone, acomputer, a tablet, a smart plug, etc. The Type 1 device and Type 2devices may be placed in/near a conference room to count people. TheType 1 device and Type 2 devices may be in a well-being monitoringsystem for older adults to monitor their daily activities and any signof symptoms (e.g. dementia, Alzheimer's disease). The Type 1 device andType 2 device may be used in baby monitors to monitor the vital signs(breathing) of a living baby. The Type 1 device and Type 2 devices maybe placed in bedrooms to monitor quality of sleep and any sleep apnea.The Type 1 device and Type 2 devices may be placed in cars to monitorwell-being of passengers and driver, detect any sleeping of driver anddetect any babies left in a car. The Type 1 device and Type 2 devicesmay be used in logistics to prevent human trafficking by monitoring anyhuman hidden in trucks and containers. The Type 1 device and Type 2devices may be deployed by emergency service at disaster area to searchfor trapped victims in debris. The Type 1 device and Type 2 devices maybe deployed in an area to detect breathing of any intruders. There arenumerous applications of wireless breathing monitoring withoutwearables.

Hardware modules may be constructed to contain the Type 1 transceiverand/or the Type 2 transceiver. The hardware modules may be sold to/usedby variable brands to design, build and sell final commercial products.Products using the disclosed system and/or method may be home/officesecurity products, sleep monitoring products, WiFi products, meshproducts, TV, STB, entertainment system, HiFi, speaker, home appliance,lamps, stoves, oven, microwave oven, table, chair, bed, shelves, tools,utensils, torches, vacuum cleaner, smoke detector, sofa, piano, fan,door, window, door/window handle, locks, smoke detectors, caraccessories, computing devices, office devices, air conditioner, heater,pipes, connectors, surveillance camera, access point, computing devices,mobile devices, LTE devices, 3G/4G/5G/6G devices, UMTS devices, 3GPPdevices, GSM devices, EDGE devices, TDMA devices, FDMA devices, CDMAdevices, WCDMA devices, TD-SCDMA devices, gaming devices, eyeglasses,glass panels, VR goggles, necklace, watch, waist band, belt, wallet,pen, hat, wearables, implantable device, tags, parking tickets, smartphones, etc.

The summary may comprise: analytics, output response, selected timewindow, subsampling, transform, and/or projection. The presenting maycomprise presenting at least one of: monthly/weekly/daily view,simplified/detailed view, cross-sectional view, small/large form-factorview, color-coded view, comparative view, summary view, animation, webview, voice announcement, and another presentation related to theperiodic/repetition characteristics of the repeating motion.

A Type 1/Type 2 device may be an antenna, a device with antenna, adevice with a housing (e.g. for radio, antenna, data/signal processingunit, wireless IC, circuits), device that has interface toattach/connect to/link antenna, device that is interfaced to/attachedto/connected to/linked to anotherdevice/system/computer/phone/network/data aggregator, device with a userinterface(UI)/graphical UI/display, device with wireless transceiver,device with wireless transmitter, device with wireless receiver,internet-of-thing (IoT) device, device with wireless network, devicewith both wired networking and wireless networking capability, devicewith wireless integrated circuit (IC), Wi-Fi device, device with Wi-Fichip (e.g. 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax standard compliant), Wi-Fi access point(AP), Wi-Fi client, Wi-Fi router, Wi-Fi repeater, Wi-Fi hub, Wi-Fi meshnetwork router/hub/AP, wireless mesh network router, adhoc networkdevice, wireless mesh network device, mobile device (e.g.2G/2.5G/3G/3.5G/4G/LTE/5G/6G/7G, UMTS, 3GPP, GSM, EDGE, TDMA, FDMA,CDMA, WCDMA, TD-SCDMA), cellular device, base station, mobile networkbase station, mobile network hub, mobile network compatible device, LTEdevice, device with LTE module, mobile module (e.g. circuit board withmobile-enabling chip (IC) such as Wi-Fi chip, LTE chip, BLE chip), Wi-Fichip (IC), LTE chip, BLE chip, device with mobile module, smart phone,companion device (e.g. dongle, attachment, plugin) for smart phones,dedicated device, plug-in device, AC-powered device, battery-powereddevice, device with processor/memory/set of instructions, smartdevice/gadget/items: clock, stationary, pen, user-interface, paper, mat,camera, television (TV), set-top-box, microphone, speaker, refrigerator,oven, machine, phone, wallet, furniture, door, window, ceiling, floor,wall, table, chair, bed, night-stand, air-conditioner, heater, pipe,duct, cable, carpet, decoration, gadget, USB device, plug, dongle,lamp/light, tile, ornament, bottle, vehicle, car, AGV, drone, robot,laptop, tablet, computer, harddisk, network card, instrument, racket,ball, shoe, wearable, clothing, glasses, hat, necklace, food, pill,small device that moves in the body of creature (e.g. in blood vessels,in lymph fluid, digestive system), and/or another device. The Type 1device and/or Type 2 device may be communicatively coupled with: theinternet, another device with access to internet (e.g. smart phone),cloud server (e.g. hub device), edge server, local server, and/orstorage. The Type 1 device and/or the Type 2 device may operate withlocal control, can be controlled by another device via a wired/wirelessconnection, can operate automatically, or can be controlled by a centralsystem that is remote (e.g. away from home).

In one embodiment, a Type B device may be a transceiver that may performas both Origin (a Type 2 device, a Rx device) and Bot (a Type 1 device,a Tx device), i.e., a Type B device may be both Type 1 (Tx) and Type 2(Rx) devices (e.g. simultaneously or alternately), for example, meshdevices, a mesh router, etc. In one embodiment, a Type A device may be atransceiver that may only function as Bot (a Tx device), i.e., Type 1device only or Tx only, e.g., simple IoT devices. It may have thecapability of Origin (Type 2 device, Rx device), but somehow it isfunctioning only as Bot in the embodiment. All the Type A and Type Bdevices form a tree structure. The root may be a Type B device withnetwork (e.g. internet) access. For example, it may be connected tobroadband service through a wired connection (e.g. Ethernet, cablemodem, ADSL/HDSL modem) connection or a wireless connection (e.g. LTE,3G/4G/5G, WiFi, Bluetooth, microwave link, satellite link, etc.). In oneembodiment, all the Type A devices are leaf node. Each Type B device maybe the root node, non-leaf node, or leaf node.

Type 1 device (transmitter, or Tx) and Type 2 device (receiver, or Rx)may be on same device (e.g. RF chip/IC) or simply the same device. Thedevices may operate at high frequency band, such as 28 GHz, 60 GHz, 77GHz, etc. The RF chip may have dedicated Tx antennas (e.g. 32 antennas)and dedicated Rx antennas (e.g. another 32 antennas).

One Tx antenna may transmit a wireless signal (e.g. a series of probesignal, perhaps at 100 Hz). Alternatively, all Tx antennas may be usedto transmit the wireless signal with beamforming (in Tx), such that thewireless signal is focused in certain direction (e.g. for energyefficiency or boosting the signal to noise ratio in that direction, orlow power operation when “scanning” that direction, or low poweroperation if object is known to be in that direction).

The wireless signal hits an object (e.g. a living human lying on a bed 4feet away from the Tx/Rx antennas, with breathing and heart beat) in avenue (e.g. a room). The object motion (e.g. lung movement according tobreathing rate, or blood-vessel movement according to heart beat) mayimpact/modulate the wireless signal. All Rx antennas may be used toreceive the wireless signal.

Beamforming (in Rx and/or Tx) may be applied (digitally) to “scan”different directions. Many directions can be scanned or monitoredsimultaneously. With beamforming, “sectors” (e.g. directions,orientations, bearings, zones, regions, segments) may be defined relatedto the Type 2 device (e.g. relative to center location of antennaarray). For each probe signal (e.g. a pulse, an ACK, a control packet,etc.), a channel information or CI (e.g. channel impulse response/CIR,CSI, CFR) is obtained/computed for each sector (e.g. from the RF chip).In breathing detection, one may collect CIR in a sliding window (e.g. 30sec, and with 100 Hz sounding/probing rate, one may have 3000 CIR over30 sec).

The CIR may have many taps (e.g. N1 components/taps). Each tap may beassociated with a time lag, or a time-of-flight (tof, e.g. time to hitthe human 4 feet away and back). When a person is breathing in a certaindirection at a certain distance (e.g. 4 ft), one may search for the CIRin the “certain direction”. Then one may search for the tapcorresponding to the “certain distance”. Then one may compute thebreathing rate and heart rate from that tap of that CIR.

One may consider each tap in the sliding window (e.g. 30 second windowof “component time series”) as a time function (e.g. a “tap function”,the “component time series”). One may examine each tap function insearch of a strong periodic behavior (e.g. corresponds to breathing,perhaps in the range of 10 bpm to 40 bpm).

The Type 1 device and/or the Type 2 device may have externalconnections/links and/or internal connections/links. The externalconnections (e.g. connection 1110) may be associated with2G/2.5G/3G/3.5G/4G/LTE/5G/6G/7G/NBIoT, UWB, WiMax, Zigbee, 802.16 etc.The internal connections (e.g., 1114A and 1114B, 1116, 1118, 1120) maybe associated with WiFi, an IEEE 802.11 standard,802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ad/af/ag/ah/ai/aj/aq/ax/ay, Bluetooth, Bluetooth1.0/1.1/1.2/2.0/2.1/3.0/4.0/4.1/4.2/5, BLE, mesh network, an IEEE802.16/1/1a/1b/2/2a/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/ standard.

The Type 1 device and/or Type 2 device may be powered by battery (e.g.AA battery, AAA battery, coin cell battery, button cell battery,miniature battery, bank of batteries, power bank, car battery, hybridbattery, vehicle battery, container battery, non-rechargeable battery,rechargeable battery, NiCd battery, NiMH battery, Lithium ion battery,Zinc carbon battery, Zinc chloride battery, lead acid battery, alkalinebattery, battery with wireless charger, smart battery, solar battery,boat battery, plane battery, other battery, temporary energy storagedevice, capacitor, fly wheel).

Any device may be powered by DC or direct current (e.g. from battery asdescribed above, power generator, power convertor, solar panel,rectifier, DC-DC converter, with various voltages such as 1.2V, 1.5V,3V, 5V, 6V, 9V, 12V, 24V, 40V, 42V, 48V, 110V, 220V, 380V, etc.) and maythus have a DC connector or a connector with at least one pin for DCpower.

Any device may be powered by AC or alternating current (e.g. wall socketin a home, transformer, invertor, shorepower, with various voltages suchas 100V, 110V, 120V, 100-127V, 200V, 220V, 230V, 240V, 220-240V,100-240V, 250V, 380V, 50 Hz, 60 Hz, etc.) and thus may have an ACconnector or a connector with at least one pin for AC power. The Type 1device and/or the Type 2 device may be positioned (e.g. installed,placed, moved to) in the venue or outside the venue.

For example, in a vehicle (e.g. a car, truck, lorry, bus, specialvehicle, tractor, digger, excavator, teleporter, bulldozer, crane,forklift, electric trolley, AGV, emergency vehicle, freight, wagon,trailer, container, boat, ferry, ship, submersible, airplane, air-ship,lift, mono-rail, train, tram, rail-vehicle, railcar, etc.), the Type 1device and/or Type 2 device may be an embedded device embedded in thevehicle, or an add-on device (e.g. aftermarket device) plugged into aport in the vehicle (e.g. OBD port/socket, USB port/socket, accessoryport/socket, 12V auxiliary power outlet, and/or 12V cigarette lighterport/socket).

For example, one device (e.g. Type 2 device) may be plugged into 12Vcigarette lighter/accessory port or OBD port or the USB port (e.g. of acar/truck/vehicle) while the other device (e.g. Type 1 device) may beplugged into 12V cigarette lighter/accessory port or the OBD port or theUSB port. The OBD port and/or USB port can provide power, signalingand/or network (of the car/truck/vehicle). The two devices may jointlymonitor the passengers including children/babies in the car. They may beused to count the passengers, recognize the driver, detect presence ofpassenger in a particular seat/position in the vehicle.

In another example, one device may be plugged into 12V cigarettelighter/accessory port or OBD port or the USB port of acar/truck/vehicle while the other device may be plugged into 12Vcigarette lighter/accessory port or OBD port or the USB port of anothercar/truck/vehicle.

In another example, there may be many devices of the same type A (e.g.Type 1 or Type 2) in many heterogeneous vehicles/portable devices/smartgadgets (e.g. automated guided vehicle/AGV, shopping/luggage/movingcart, parking ticket, golf cart, bicycle, smart phone, tablet, camera,recording device, smart watch, roller skate, shoes, jackets, goggle,hat, eye-wear, wearable, Segway, scooter, luggage tag, cleaning machine,vacuum cleaner, pet tag/collar/wearable/implant), each device eitherplugged into 12V accessory port/OBD port/USB port of a vehicle orembedded in a vehicle. There may be one or more device of the other typeB (e.g. B is Type 1 if A is Type 2, or B is Type 2 if A is Type 1)installed at locations such as gas stations, street lamp post, streetcorners, tunnels, multi-storey parking facility, scattered locations tocover a big area such as factory/stadium/train station/shoppingmall/construction site. The Type A device may be located, tracked ormonitored based on the TSCI.

The area/venue may have no local connectivity, e.g., broadband services,WiFi, etc. The Type 1 and/or Type 2 device may be portable. The Type 1and/or Type 2 device may support plug and play.

Pairwise wireless links may be established between many pairs ofdevices, forming the tree structure. In each pair (and the associatedlink), a device (second device) may be a non-leaf (Type B). The otherdevice (first device) may be a leaf (Type A or Type B) or non-leaf (TypeB). In the link, the first device functions as a bot (Type 1 device or aTx device) to send a wireless signal (e.g. probe signal) through thewireless multipath channel to the second device. The second device mayfunction as an Origin (Type 2 device or Rx device) to receive thewireless signal, obtain the TSCI and compute a “linkwise analytics”based on the TSCI.

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary scenario where object motion is detectedbased on channel state information in a venue, according to oneembodiment of the present teaching. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, ina 2-bedroom apartment 100, Origin 101 may be placed in the living-roomarea 102, Bot 1 110 may be placed in a bedroom1-area 112, and Bot 2 120may be placed in the dining-room area 122. Each of Bot 1 110 and Bot 2120 can transmit a wireless signal to the Origin 101, which can obtainchannel information of a wireless multipath channel based on thewireless signal. The Origin 101, by itself or through a third devicelike a motion detector, can compute motion information based on thechannel information and detect object motion/activity based on themotion information. That is, the Origin 101, by itself or through athird device like a motion detector, can detect object motion/activitybased on wireless signals transmitted by Bot 1 110 and/or Bot 2 120.

If object motion/activity is detected based on wireless signalstransmitted by both Bot 1 110 and Bot 2 120, the activity/motion or theobject (e.g. person/user) may be in the living-room area 102. If objectmotion/activity is detected based only on wireless signals transmittedby Bot 1 110, the activity/motion or the object (e.g. person/user) maybe in the bedroom-1 area 112. If object motion/activity is detectedbased only on wireless signals transmitted by Bot 2 120, theactivity/motion or the object (e.g. person/user) may be in thedining-room area 122. If object motion/activity cannot be detected basedon wireless signals transmitted by either Bot 1 110 or Bot 2 120, thenit may be determined that nobody and no object is in the apartment 100.The corresponding area where the activity/motion/person/user is detectedmay be marked with a predetermined pattern.

Bot(s) and Origin(s) of a wireless monitoring system may be placed atdifferent positions, e.g. based on position of the power source and/orposition of the object to be monitored. For example, in a vehiclewireless monitoring system including a Bot (or a transmitter) and anOrigin (or a receiver), each of the transmitter and the receiver may beplaced at different positions inside or attached to the vehicle.

FIGS. 2A-2C illustrate different positions for a transmitter and areceiver in a vehicle wireless monitoring system, according to someembodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2A, a vehiclewireless monitoring system may be used to monitor and track an object(e.g. a baby or child 250) in the car 201. In the example shown in FIG.2A, a wireless receiver of the vehicle wireless monitoring system may beplaced at position 210 in front of a driver seat of the car 201. In someembodiments, the wireless receiver may serve as a smart car telematicsmonitor or a hub of other in-car devices. In some embodiments, thewireless receiver may include a processor or a wireless AI engine, andconnect to a cloud server based on LTE or 5G.

In the example shown in FIG. 2A, a wireless transmitter of the vehiclewireless monitoring system may be placed at position 220, which may belocated at the dashboard or front window of the car 201. In someembodiments, the wireless transmitter may serve as a high-quality carfront dash cam to record a streaming video, e.g. upon a request from thewireless AI engine in the wireless receiver. In some embodiments, thewireless transmitter located at the position 220 may connect to thewireless receiver located at the position 210, and perform in-carwireless sensing based on Wi-Fi signals. In some embodiments, thewireless transmitter is plugged into a 12V outlet of the car 201 forcharging. In some embodiments, the wireless transmitter is wired to abattery box of the car 201 for charging.

FIG. 2B illustrates other positions for transmitter and receiver in avehicle wireless monitoring system, according to some embodiments of thepresent disclosure. In the example shown in FIG. 2B, while a wirelessreceiver of the vehicle wireless monitoring system is still placed atposition 210 in front of the driver seat of the car 201, a wirelesstransmitter of the vehicle wireless monitoring system may be placed atposition 221 or position 222, which may be located where a 12V outlet isavailable. When the wireless AI engine in the wireless receiver can onlyhost one transmitter for Wi-Fi sensing, one of the position 221 andposition 222 may be chosen to place the wireless transmitter. In someembodiments, the wireless transmitter in this case may be a high-speedUSB-C charger that plugs into the car 12V outlet and has a battery init. In some embodiments, the wireless transmitter located at theposition 221 or position 222 may connect to the wireless receiverlocated at the position 210, and perform in-car wireless sensing andmonitoring.

FIG. 2C illustrates yet other positions for transmitter and receiver ina vehicle wireless monitoring system, according to some embodiments ofthe present disclosure. In the example shown in FIG. 2C, while awireless receiver of the vehicle wireless monitoring system is stillplaced at position 210 in front of the driver seat of the car 201, awireless transmitter of the vehicle wireless monitoring system may beplaced at position 223 or position 224, which may be located where thebaby or child 250 is in the line-of-sight of the wireless transmitterand the wireless receiver. When the wireless AI engine in the wirelessreceiver can only host one transmitter for Wi-Fi sensing, one of theposition 223 and position 224 may be chosen to place the wirelesstransmitter. In some embodiments, the wireless transmitter in this casemay be a dedicated transmitter that has a battery therein and/or has asolar panel to recharge the transmitter. In some embodiments, thewireless transmitter is attached to the window of the car 201 by asuction cup. With the suction cup, the wireless transmitter can beattached to various and flexible locations of the car 201. In someembodiments, the wireless transmitter located at the position 223 orposition 224 may connect to the wireless receiver located at theposition 210, and perform in-car wireless sensing and monitoring. Insome very rare case, a user may need to take down the wirelesstransmitter to recharge it through its USB port. In that case, the userwill get a low-battery notification from the app on the transmitter.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a first wirelessdevice, e.g. a Bot 300, of a wireless monitoring system, according toone embodiment of the present teaching. The Bot 300 is an example of adevice that can be configured to implement the various methods describedherein. As shown in FIG. 3, the Bot 300 includes a housing 340containing a processor 302, a memory 304, a transceiver 310 comprising atransmitter 312 and receiver 314, a synchronization controller 306, apower module 308, an optional carrier configurator 320 and a wirelesssignal generator 322.

In this embodiment, the processor 302 controls the general operation ofthe Bot 300 and can include one or more processing circuits or modulessuch as a central processing unit (CPU) and/or any combination ofgeneral-purpose microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signalprocessors (DSPs), field programmable gate array (FPGAs), programmablelogic devices (PLDs), controllers, state machines, gated logic, discretehardware components, dedicated hardware finite state machines, or anyother suitable circuits, devices and/or structures that can performcalculations or other manipulations of data.

The memory 304, which can include both read-only memory (ROM) and randomaccess memory (RAM), can provide instructions and data to the processor302. A portion of the memory 304 can also include non-volatile randomaccess memory (NVRAM). The processor 302 typically performs logical andarithmetic operations based on program instructions stored within thememory 304. The instructions (a.k.a., software) stored in the memory 304can be executed by the processor 302 to perform the methods describedherein. The processor 302 and the memory 304 together form a processingsystem that stores and executes software. As used herein, “software”means any type of instructions, whether referred to as software,firmware, middleware, microcode, etc. which can configure a machine ordevice to perform one or more desired functions or processes.Instructions can include code (e.g., in source code format, binary codeformat, executable code format, or any other suitable format of code).The instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause theprocessing system to perform the various functions described herein.

The transceiver 310, which includes the transmitter 312 and receiver314, allows the Bot 300 to transmit and receive data to and from aremote device (e.g., an Origin or another Bot). An antenna 350 istypically attached to the housing 340 and electrically coupled to thetransceiver 310. In various embodiments, the Bot 300 includes (notshown) multiple transmitters, multiple receivers, and multipletransceivers. In one embodiment, the antenna 350 is replaced with amulti-antenna array 350 that can form a plurality of beams each of whichpoints in a distinct direction. The transmitter 312 can be configured towirelessly transmit signals having different types or functions, suchsignals being generated by the processor 302. Similarly, the receiver314 is configured to receive wireless signals having different types orfunctions, and the processor 302 is configured to process signals of aplurality of different types.

The Bot 300 in this example may serve as Bot 1 110 or Bot 2 120 in FIG.1 for detecting object motion in a venue, and may be placed at positions220, 221, 222, 223 or 224 as in FIGS. 2A-2C for monitoring an object ina vehicle. For example, the wireless signal generator 322 may generateand transmit, via the transmitter 312, a wireless signal through awireless multipath channel impacted by a motion of an object in thevenue. The wireless signal carries information of the channel. Becausethe channel was impacted by the motion, the channel information includesmotion information that can represent the motion of the object. As such,the motion can be indicated and detected based on the wireless signal.The generation of the wireless signal at the wireless signal generator322 may be based on a request for motion detection from another device,e.g. an Origin, or based on a system pre-configuration. That is, the Bot300 may or may not know that the wireless signal transmitted will beused to detect motion.

The synchronization controller 306 in this example may be configured tocontrol the operations of the Bot 300 to be synchronized orun-synchronized with another device, e.g. an Origin or another Bot. Inone embodiment, the synchronization controller 306 may control the Bot300 to be synchronized with an Origin that receives the wireless signaltransmitted by the Bot 300. In another embodiment, the synchronizationcontroller 306 may control the Bot 300 to transmit the wireless signalasynchronously with other Bots. In another embodiment, each of the Bot300 and other Bots may transmit the wireless signals individually andasynchronously.

The carrier configurator 320 is an optional component in Bot 300 toconfigure transmission resources, e.g. time and carrier, fortransmitting the wireless signal generated by the wireless signalgenerator 322. In one embodiment, each CI of the time series of CI hasone or more components each corresponding to a carrier or sub-carrier ofthe transmission of the wireless signal. The detection of the motion maybe based on motion detections on any one or any combination of thecomponents.

The power module 308 can include a power source such as one or morebatteries, and a power regulator, to provide regulated power to each ofthe above-described modules in FIG. 3. In some embodiments, if the Bot300 is coupled to a dedicated external power source (e.g., a wallelectrical outlet), the power module 308 can include a transformer and apower regulator.

The various modules discussed above are coupled together by a bus system330. The bus system 330 can include a data bus and, for example, a powerbus, a control signal bus, and/or a status signal bus in addition to thedata bus. It is understood that the modules of the Bot 300 can beoperatively coupled to one another using any suitable techniques andmediums.

Although a number of separate modules or components are illustrated inFIG. 3, persons of ordinary skill in the art will understand that one ormore of the modules can be combined or commonly implemented. Forexample, the processor 302 can implement not only the functionalitydescribed above with respect to the processor 302, but also implementthe functionality described above with respect to the wireless signalgenerator 322. Conversely, each of the modules illustrated in FIG. 3 canbe implemented using a plurality of separate components or elements.

FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a second wirelessdevice, e.g. an Origin 400, of a wireless monitoring system, accordingto one embodiment of the present teaching. The Origin 400 is an exampleof a device that can be configured to implement the various methodsdescribed herein. The Origin 400 in this example may serve as Origin 101in FIG. 1 for detecting object motion in a venue, and may be placed atposition 210 as in FIGS. 2A-2C for monitoring an object in a vehicle. Asshown in FIG. 4, the Origin 400 includes a housing 440 containing aprocessor 402, a memory 404, a transceiver 410 comprising a transmitter412 and a receiver 414, a power module 408, a synchronization controller406, a channel information extractor 420, and an optional motiondetector 422.

In this embodiment, the processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver410 and the power module 408 work similarly to the processor 302, thememory 304, the transceiver 310 and the power module 308 in the Bot 300.An antenna 450 or a multi-antenna array 450 is typically attached to thehousing 440 and electrically coupled to the transceiver 410.

The Origin 400 may be a second wireless device that has a different typefrom that of the first wireless device (e.g. the Bot 300). Inparticular, the channel information extractor 420 in the Origin 400 isconfigured for receiving the wireless signal through the wirelessmultipath channel impacted by the motion of the object in the venue, andobtaining a time series of channel information (CI) of the wirelessmultipath channel based on the wireless signal. The channel informationextractor 420 may send the extracted CI to the optional motion detector422 or to a motion detector outside the Origin 400 for detecting objectmotion in the venue.

The motion detector 422 is an optional component in the Origin 400. Inone embodiment, it is within the Origin 400 as shown in FIG. 4. Inanother embodiment, it is outside the Origin 400 and in another device,which may be a Bot, another Origin, a cloud server, a fog server, alocal server, and an edge server. The optional motion detector 422 maybe configured for detecting the motion of the object in the venue basedon motion information related to the motion of the object. The motioninformation associated with the first and second wireless devices iscomputed based on the time series of CI by the motion detector 422 oranother motion detector outside the Origin 400.

The synchronization controller 406 in this example may be configured tocontrol the operations of the Origin 400 to be synchronized orun-synchronized with another device, e.g. a Bot, another Origin, or anindependent motion detector. In one embodiment, the synchronizationcontroller 406 may control the Origin 400 to be synchronized with a Botthat transmits a wireless signal. In another embodiment, thesynchronization controller 406 may control the Origin 400 to receive thewireless signal asynchronously with other Origins. In anotherembodiment, each of the Origin 400 and other Origins may receive thewireless signals individually and asynchronously. In one embodiment, theoptional motion detector 422 or a motion detector outside the Origin 400is configured for asynchronously computing respective heterogeneousmotion information related to the motion of the object based on therespective time series of CI.

The various modules discussed above are coupled together by a bus system430. The bus system 430 can include a data bus and, for example, a powerbus, a control signal bus, and/or a status signal bus in addition to thedata bus. It is understood that the modules of the Origin 400 can beoperatively coupled to one another using any suitable techniques andmediums.

Although a number of separate modules or components are illustrated inFIG. 4, persons of ordinary skill in the art will understand that one ormore of the modules can be combined or commonly implemented. Forexample, the processor 402 can implement not only the functionalitydescribed above with respect to the processor 402, but also implementthe functionality described above with respect to the channelinformation extractor 420. Conversely, each of the modules illustratedin FIG. 4 can be implemented using a plurality of separate components orelements.

In one embodiment, in addition to the Bot 300 and the Origin 400, thesystem may also comprise: a third wireless device, e.g. another Bot,configured for transmitting an additional heterogeneous wireless signalthrough an additional wireless multipath channel impacted by the motionof the object in the venue, and a fourth wireless device, e.g. anotherOrigin, that has a different type from that of the third wirelessdevice. The fourth wireless device may be configured for: receiving theadditional heterogeneous wireless signal through the additional wirelessmultipath channel impacted by the motion of the object in the venue, andobtaining a time series of additional channel information (CI) of theadditional wireless multipath channel based on the additionalheterogeneous wireless signal. The additional CI of the additionalwireless multipath channel is associated with a different protocol orconfiguration from that associated with the CI of the wireless multipathchannel. For example, the wireless multipath channel is associated withLTE, while the additional wireless multipath channel is associated withWi-Fi. In this case, the optional motion detector 422 or a motiondetector outside the Origin 400 is configured for detecting the motionof the object in the venue based on both the motion informationassociated with the first and second wireless devices and additionalmotion information associated with the third and fourth wireless devicescomputed by at least one of: an additional motion detector and thefourth wireless device based on the time series of additional CI.

FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary method 500 of a wirelessmonitoring system, according to some embodiments of the presentteaching. At operation 502, a transmitter, e.g. on a Bot, of thewireless monitoring system is positioned and powered at a first locationin a venue. At operation 504, a receiver, e.g. on an Origin, of thewireless monitoring system is positioned and powered at a secondlocation in the venue. At operation 506, a wireless signal istransmitted from the transmitter through a wireless multipath channel ofthe venue. At operation 508, the wireless signal is received by thereceiver through the wireless multipath channel. The wireless signal isimpacted by the wireless multipath channel and a modulation of an objectundergoing a motion in the venue. At operation 510, a set of channelinformation (CI) of the wireless multipath channel is obtained based onthe wireless signal. At operation 512, the object and the motion of theobject are monitored based on the set of CI. The order of the operationsin FIG. 5 may be changed according to various embodiments of the presentteaching.

In an example of a vehicle wireless monitoring system, a securityfunction and a safety function may run at the same time. For securityconcern, the system may monitor the inside of a car via wireless sensing(or camera). For safety concern, the system may monitor the outside of acar via camera, radar, lidar, etc., when driving (in case of trafficaccident) and when parked (in case of a hit and run). For safetyconcern, the system may monitor the car itself, e.g., by a sensor, agyro, or an accelerometer, which is inside any of the transmitter orreceiver of a wireless device. When being parked, the system may monitorthe car to detect any event like: window smashed, break-in theft, hitand run, etc.

In another example, every time when the car is turned off, the systemmay perform WiFi sensing to see any motion or breathing signals to checkif a child or a pet is left unintentionally. The system may send alertnotification to the user if such an event is detected or go to a deepsleep mode. When the car is parked in the deep sleep mode, at an eventof the car being hit by another car, or its window got smashed, thesystem may wake up again, perform WiFi sensing again to see if there'sany break-in event. When the transmitter is a dash cam, it may also wakeup and record a video for a time period. The idea can be extended toother wireless monitoring scenario in indoors.

In another example, smart devices such as smart speakers or virtualassistant artificial intelligence (AI) may be triggered by some eventdetected by the wireless monitoring system, such as by the Mimamori, orother well-being monitoring and security applications. For instance,Alexa may be triggered with a fall-down detection without anyone askingAlexa first. Below are some example scenarios:

Scenario 1 (when motion is detected during security mode):

1. Alexa: Hi Steve, is it you? Can you give me your three passwords?2a. Steve (who is the Home owner): Dog, Eat, Pizza.3a. Alexa: Welcome back home, Steve. I'll now enter into Mimamori mode.

Scenario 2 (when motion is detected during security mode):

1. Alexa: Hi Steve, is it you? Can you give me your three passwords?2b. Intruder: what? I don't know. Open Sesame!3b. Alexa: Intruder! Intruder! I've taken your picture and sent it tothe owner and CSP Security Center. Depart immediately! (also sendsalert/photos to CSP and Steve)4b. Alexa: I see you're still there. You've now entered in the livingroom. I've called for the police. Depart immediately. (sends additionalalert/photos to CSP and Steve)

Scenario 3 (in Mimamori mode, detects when Steve wakes up)

1. Alexa: Good morning, Steve. Your sleeping score was 49 last night.Try to get some nap today. Would you like to hear today's news orweather first?2a. Steve: Weather.3a. Alexa: Today's weather is . . .2b. Steve: . . .

Scenario 4 (no motion is detected for a while or a fall down isdetected)

3b. Alexa: Steve, are you feeling OK? Should I call for help?4b. Steve: (Quiet)5. Alexa: I've noticed your caregiver to call you. If you can't respond,she will be heading here. (activate surveillance camera)

Scenario 5 (a sudden motion is detected in a car)

1. Alexa: Steve, what happened? Should I call 911 or a roadsideassistance?2a. Steve: (Quiet for a while)3a. Alexa: You did not respond in time. To be safe, I will call 911 inten seconds unless you say anything before that. Ten, Nine, Eight,Seven, Six, Five, Four, Three, Two, One, Calling 911.4a. Alexa: I've called 911. An ambulance is coming to help you.(activate surveillance camera)

Scenario 6 (a sudden motion is detected in a car)

1. Alexa: Steve, what happened? Should I call 911 or a roadsideassistance?2b. Steve: I am stuck in snow. I need roadside assistance.3b. Alexa: You said you want me to call for roadside assistance. Is thatcorrect? Say Yes or No.4b. Steve: Yes.5b. Alexa: I've called for roadside assistance. A towing car is comingto help you. (activate surveillance camera)

Scenario 7 (a sudden motion is detected in a car)

1. Alexa: Steve, what happened? Should I call 911 or a roadsideassistance?2c. Steve: No, I am fine.3c. Alexa: You said you are fine. Is that correct? Say Yes or No.

4c. Steve: Yes.

5c. Alexa: I am very happy to know that. Have a safe driving, Steve.

The following numbered clauses provide implementation examples forpositioning and powering a wireless monitoring system.

Clause A1. A method of positioning and powering a wireless monitoringsystem, comprising: positioning and powering a Type1 heterogeneouswireless device at a first location in a venue; positioning and poweringa Type2 heterogeneous wireless device at a second location in a venue;transmitting a wireless signal from the Type1 heterogeneous wirelessdevice through a wireless multipath channel of a venue; receiving thewireless signal by the Type2 heterogeneous wireless device through thewireless multipath channel, wherein the received wireless signal differsfrom the transmitted wireless signal due to the wireless multipathchannel of the venue and a modulation of the wireless signal by anobject undergoing a motion in the venue; obtaining a set of channelinformation (CI) of the wireless multipath channel based on the receivedwireless signal using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled withthe processor and a set of instructions stored in the memory; monitoringat least one of: the object and a motion of the object, based on the setof CI.

Clause A2. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A1, further comprising: wherein the Type1device is part of a first target device at the first location, and theType2 device is part of a second target device at the second location;wherein each of the first target device and the second target devicecomprises at least one of: a power supply unit, a power management unit,a power transfer unit, an energy storage unit, a power generation unitand an energy harvesting unit; powering each of the Type1 device and theType2 device based on at least one of: the respective power supply unit,the respective power management unit, the respective power transferunit, the respective energy storage unit, the respective powergeneration unit and the respective energy harvesting unit, of therespective target device.

Clause A3. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A2, further comprising: powering one of thefirst and second target device by the respective energy storage unit ofthe respective target device which can be charged by at least one of:the respective energy harvesting unit or an external power source;charging the energy storage unit by the energy harvesting unit such thatthe target device does not need frequent charging of the energy storageunit by the external power source.

Clause A4. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A3, further comprising: wherein therespective location of the target device is not near the external powersource; removing the energy storage unit of the target device from therespective location; repositioning the energy storage unit to a thirdlocation where the external power source is located; connecting theenergy storage unit to the external power source using a connector;charging the energy storage unit by the external power source;repositioning the energy storage unit back to the respective location.

Clause A5. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A2, further comprising: positioning each ofthe Type1 and Type2 devices by securing the respective target devices toits respective location based on a respective attachment feature, wherethe respective attachment feature comprises at least one of: a lockingmechanism, bayonet coupling, screw coupling, push-pull coupling,plug-and-socket coupling, breakaway coupling, push-and-press-to-releasecoupling, coupling locked by screw, push-push locked coupling, magneticcoupling, electro-magnet, magnet, attachable mechanism, detachablemechanism, linking mechanism, binding mechanism, coupling, connector,mechanical holder, suction feature, suction cup, peg, clip, staple,ring, pin, hook, loop, snap-lock hook, snap-on hook, bracket, hanger,mount, chain, track-and-trolley, screw, nut-and-screw, nut-and-bolt,velcro, hook-and-loop, adhesive, pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA),self-adhesive tape, adhesive tape, double-side adhesive tape, stickytape, weight, friction, fastener, dual-lock fastener, self-matingfastener, reclosable fastener, and another attachment mechanism.

Clause A6. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A5: wherein the respective attachmentfeature of the respective target device is for attaching the respectivetarget device to at least one of: a surface in the venue, smoothsurface, glass surface, metal surface, wood surface, plastic surface,tiled surface, hard surface, soft surface, rigid surface, flexiblesurface, elastic surface, structure, fixture, window, vehicle window,vehicle side window, vehicle back window, vehicle front window, door,vehicle door, wall, ceiling, vehicle ceiling, furniture, shelf, cabinet,table, chair, refrigerator, lighting, appliance, utensil, accessory,peripheral, smart device, IoT device, at least one matching attachmentfeature in the venue, at least one matching attachment feature ofanother device in the venue, and the venue.

Clause A7. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A5, further comprising: securing therespective target device to a respective location by attaching therespective attachment feature of the respective target device to amatching attachment feature at the location.

Clause A8. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A7, further comprising: securing a targetdevice to a power socket at the respective location by inserting a powerplug of the target device into the power socket.

Clause A9. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A8, further comprising: powering the targetdevice based on the power plug and the power socket.

Clause A10. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A2, further comprising: transferring energybetween two of: the Type1 device, the Type2 device, any target device,any power supply unit, any power management unit, any power transferunit, any energy storage unit, any power generation unit, any energyharvesting unit, an external power unit, an external power source and anexternal power sink.

Clause A11. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A10, further comprising: transferring theenergy in at least one of: wired or wireless manner.

Clause A12. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A10, further comprising: supplying energyfrom at least one of: any power generation unit, any power supply unit,any energy harvesting unit, the external power source, and the externalpower unit, to at least one of: any power supply unit, any powermanagement unit, any power transfer unit, any energy storage unit, andan external power sink.

Clause A13. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A10, further comprising: charging the energystorage unit using energy from at least one of: the power generationunit, the energy harvesting unit, and an external power source.

Clause A 14. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A13, further comprising: charging the energystorage unit based on at least one of: a plan, a strategy, a time table,an event, a trigger, a condition, a status, a state, a stage, apercentage of charging, a degree of remaining charge, a protectionmechanism association with the energy storage unit, a status associatedwith the venue, the set of CI, an analysis of the set of CI, themonitoring of the object based on the set of CI, the monitoring of themotion of the object based on the set of CI, a motion of the targetdevice, a null-motion status of the target device, an in-motion statusof the target device, a task performed by the target device, a motion ofthe venue, a null-motion status of the venue, an in-motion status of thevenue, and a task associated with the venue.

Clause A15. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A13, further comprising at least one of:charging the energy storage unit using energy from at least one of: thepower generation unit and the energy harvesting unit, in a firstcharging mode; charging the energy storage unit using energy from atleast one of: the power supply unit, the power management unit, thepower transfer unit, an external power unit, and an external powersource, in a second charging mode; or charging the energy storage unitusing energy from at least one of: the power generation unit and theenergy harvesting unit, and energy from at least one of: the powersupply unit, the power management unit, the power transfer unit, theexternal power unit or the external power source, in a third chargingmode.

Clause A16. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A1, further comprising: determining thefirst and second locations in the venue to install the first and secondtarget devices respectively based on a criterion.

Clause A17. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A16, further comprising: determining a firstrelative positioning of the Type1 device with respect to the firsttarget device at the first location in the venue, and a second relativepositioning of the Type2 device with respect to the second target deviceat the second location in the venue, based on another criterion.

Clause A18. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A17, wherein: at least one of: the criterionor the another criterion, is based on at least one of: a signal strengthof the wireless signal, characteristics of the wireless signal, wirelessconnection between the Type1 device and the Type2 device, spatialrelationship between the Type1 device and the Type2 device,characteristics of the wireless multipath channel, characteristics ofthe set of CI, the monitoring of at least one of; the object and themotion of the object based on the set of CI, effectiveness of themonitoring, spatial consideration associated with the monitor, coverageconsideration associated with the monitor and the location,effectiveness of at least one of: the power generation unit and theenergy harvesting unit, availability of light for recharging a batterywith a solar panel, environmental factor associated with the use of theenergy harvesting unit to harvest energy from the environment in thevenue to charge the energy storage unit, availability and suitability ofa surface in the venue for attaching the target device using anattaching feature of the target device, ease of attaching the targetdevice, ease of removing the target device to charge the energy storageunit, and another consideration.

Clause A19. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A16, further comprising: performing atesting procedure associated with the monitoring of the at least one of:the object and the motion of the object based on the set of CI;positioning a testing Type1 heterogeneous wireless device at at leastone candidate first locations in a testing venue: positioning a testingType2 heterogeneous wireless device at at least one candidate secondlocations in the testing venue; transmitting a testing wireless signalfrom the testing Type1 device through a testing wireless multipathchannel of a testing venue; receiving the testing wireless signal by thetesting Type2 device through the testing wireless multipath channel,wherein the received testing wireless signal differs from thetransmitted testing wireless signal due to the testing wirelessmultipath channel of the testing venue and a modulation of the testingwireless signal by a testing object undergoing a testing motion in thetesting venue; obtaining a set of testing channel information (CI) ofthe testing wireless multipath channel based on the received testingwireless signal using a testing processor, a testing memory and a set oftesting instructions; performing the testing procedure by monitoring thetesting object and the testing motion of the testing object based on theset of testing CI; choosing the first and second locations among the atleast one respective candidate first locations and respective candidatesecond locations as the best locations with respect to the criterionbased on the testing procedure.

Clause A20. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A19, further comprising: determining a firstrelative positioning of the Type1 device with respect to the firsttarget device at the first location in the venue, and a second relativepositioning of the Type2 device with respect to the second target deviceat the second location in the venue, based on another criterion and thetesting procedure.

Clause A21. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A19, further comprises at least one of:wherein the testing Type1 device comprises at least one of: the Type1device, another Type1 device, the Type2 device, another Type2 device andanother wireless device; wherein the testing Type2 device comprises atleast one of: the Type1 device, another Type1 device, the Type2 device,another Type2 device and another wireless device; wherein the testingvenue comprises at least one of: the venue, the venue in a testingcondition, the venue in at least one candidate operating condition, thevenue in at least one candidate manifestation, the venue in at least onecandidate expression, the venue without the object, the venue with atleast one of: the object, or a testing object similar to the object, thevenue with the object or the testing object in at least one targetexpression to be monitored in the monitoring task, and the venue withthe object or the testing object performing at least one target motionto be monitored in the monitoring task; wherein the testing objectcomprises at least one of: the object, the object performing the motion,the object performing at least one target motion to be monitored in themonitoring task, a testing object similar to the object, a testingobject with similar wireless footprint as the object, a testing objectwith similar wireless signature as the object, a testing object withsimilar wireless signature as the object with respect to the CI, atesting object with similar CI as the object, a testing object withsimilar physical appearance as the object, a testing object with similarphysical structure as the object, a testing object with moveable partssimilar to the object, a testing object capable of performing motionssimilar to the object, a testing object performing the motion, and atesting object performing at least one target motion to be monitored inthe monitoring task; wherein the testing motion comprises at least oneof: the motion of the object, a testing motion similar to the motion ofthe object, a part of the motion of the object, a partial testing motionsimilar to the part of the motion of the object, the motion of part ofthe object, a partial testing motion similar to the motion of the partof the object, the motion of moveable parts of the object, a testingmotion of at least one moveable parts similar to the motion ofcorresponding moveable parts of the object, a part of the motion ofmoveable parts of the object, a partial testing motion similar to thepart of the motion of corresponding moveable parts, the motion ofmoveable parts of part of the object, a testing motion of at least onemoveable parts similar to the motion of corresponding moveable parts ofthe part of the object, and a target motion to be monitored in themonitoring task; wherein the testing wireless signal comprises at leastone candidate wireless signal, one of the candidate wireless signalbeing the wireless signal; wherein each candidate wireless signal isassociated with at least one of: at least one transmitting antenna, atleast one receiving antenna, a carrier frequency, a modulation, a signalconstellation, a signal bandwidth, a frequency band, a frequencyaggregation, a frequency hopping, a signaling, a signal format, aprotocol, a standard, a series of sounding signals, a choice of soundingsignals, a sounding frequency, a sounding rate, a sounding period, asounding timing, a sounding timing regularity, a management frame, acontrol frame, a data frame, a management package, a control packet, adata packet, a frame control field, a field of a frame, a frame header,and a frame body.

Clause A22. A method of positioning and powering a wireless monitoringsystem, comprising: positioning a Type1 heterogeneous wireless device ata first location in a venue, positioning a Type2 heterogeneous wirelessdevice at a second location in a venue, wherein the Type1 device is partof a first target device at the first location, and the Type2 device ispart of a second target device at the second location, wherein each ofthe first target device and the second target device comprises at leastone of: a power supply unit, a power management unit, a power transferunit, an energy storage unit, a power generation unit and an energyharvesting unit; powering each of the Type1 device and the Type2 devicebased on at least one of: the respective power supply unit, therespective power management unit, the respective power transfer unit,the respective energy storage unit, the respective power generation unitand the respective energy harvesting unit, of the respective targetdevice; transmitting a wireless signal from the Type1 heterogeneouswireless device through a wireless multipath channel of a venue;receiving the wireless signal by the Type2 heterogeneous wireless devicethrough the wireless multipath channel, wherein the received wirelesssignal differs from the transmitted wireless signal due to the wirelessmultipath channel of the venue and a modulation of the wireless signalby an object undergoing a motion in the venue; obtaining a set ofchannel information (CI) of the wireless multipath channel based on thereceived wireless signal using a processor, a memory communicativelycoupled with the processor and a set of instructions stored in thememory; monitoring at least one of: the object and a motion of theobject, based on the set of CI.

Clause A23. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A22, further comprising: powering one of thefirst and second target device by the respective energy storage unit ofthe respective target device which can be charged by at least one of:the respective energy harvesting unit or an external power source;charging the energy storage unit by the energy harvesting unit such thatthe target device does not need frequent charging of the energy storageunit by the external power source.

Clause A24. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A22, further comprising: determining thefirst and second locations in the venue to install the first and secondtarget devices respectively based on a criterion; performing a testingprocedure associated with the monitoring of the at least one of: theobject and the motion of the object based on the set of CI; positioninga testing Type1 heterogeneous wireless device at at least one candidatefirst locations in a testing venue; positioning a testing Type2heterogeneous wireless device at at least one candidate second locationsin the testing venue; transmitting a testing wireless signal from thetesting Type1 device through a testing wireless multipath channel of atesting venue; receiving the testing wireless signal by the testingType2 device through the testing wireless multipath channel, wherein thereceived testing wireless signal differs from the transmitted testingwireless signal due to the testing wireless multipath channel of thetesting venue and a modulation of the testing wireless signal by atesting object undergoing a testing motion in the testing venue;obtaining a set of testing channel information (CI) of the testingwireless multipath channel based on the received testing wireless signalusing a testing processor, a testing memory and a set of testinginstructions; performing the testing procedure by monitoring the testingobject and the testing motion of the testing object based on the set oftesting CI; choosing the first and second locations among the at leastone respective candidate first locations and respective candidate secondlocations as the best locations with respect to the criterion based onthe testing procedure.

Clause A25. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A22, further comprising: positioning each ofthe Type1 and Type2 devices by securing the respective target device toits respective location based on a respective attachment feature, wherethe respective attachment feature comprises at least one of: a lockingmechanism, bayonet coupling, screw coupling, push-pull coupling,plug-and-socket coupling, breakaway coupling, push-and-press-to-releasecoupling, coupling locked by screw, push-push locked coupling, magneticcoupling, electro-magnet, magnet, attachable mechanism, detachablemechanism, linking mechanism, binding mechanism, coupling, connector,mechanical holder, suction feature, suction cup, peg, clip, staple,ring, pin, hook, loop, snap-lock hook, snap-on hook, bracket, hanger,mount, chain, track-and-trolley, screw, nut-and-screw, nut-and-bolt,velcro, hook-and-loop, adhesive, pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA),self-adhesive tape, adhesive tape, double-side adhesive tape, stickytape, weight, friction, fastener, dual-lock fastener, self-matingfastener, reclosable fastener, and another attachment mechanism; andattaching the respective attachment feature of the respective targetdevice to a matching attachment feature at the respective location.

Clause A26. A wireless monitoring system, comprising: a Type1heterogeneous wireless device being positioned at a first location in avenue; a Type2 heterogeneous wireless device being positioned at asecond location in the venue; a first target device at the firstlocation comprising the Type1 device; a second target device at thesecond location comprising the Type2 device; wherein each of the firsttarget device and the second target device comprises at least one of: apower supply unit, a power management unit, a power transfer unit, anenergy storage unit, a power generation unit and an energy harvestingunit; wherein each of the Type1 device and the Type2 device is poweredbased on at least one of: the respective power supply unit, therespective power management unit, the respective power transfer unit,the respective energy storage unit, the respective power generation unitand the respective energy harvesting unit, of the respective targetdevice; wherein the Type1 device is configured to transmit a wirelesssignal through a wireless multipath channel of the venue; wherein theType2 device is configured to receive the wireless signal through thewireless multipath channel; wherein the received wireless signal differsfrom the transmitted wireless signal due to the wireless multipathchannel of the venue and a modulation of the wireless signal by anobject undergoing a motion in the venue; wherein a set of channelinformation (CI) of the wireless multipath channel is obtained based onthe received wireless signal; wherein at least one of: the object and amotion of the object, is monitored based on the set of CI.

Clause A27. The he wireless monitoring system of clause A26, furthercomprising: powering one of the first and second target device by therespective energy storage unit of the respective target device which canbe charged by at least one of: the respective energy harvesting unit oran external power source; charging the energy storage unit by the energyharvesting unit such that the target device does not need frequentcharging of the energy storage unit by the external power source.

Clause A28. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A26, further comprising: determining thefirst and second locations in the venue to install the Type1 and theType2 devices respectively based on a criterion; performing a testingprocedure associated with the monitoring of the at least one of: theobject and the motion of the object based on the set of CI; positioninga testing Type1 heterogeneous wireless device at at least one candidatefirst locations in a testing venue; positioning a testing Type2heterogeneous wireless device at at least one candidate second locationsin the testing venue; transmitting a testing wireless signal from thetesting Type1 device through a testing wireless multipath channel of atesting venue; receiving the testing wireless signal by the testingType2 device through the testing wireless multipath channel, wherein thereceived testing wireless signal differs from the transmitted testingwireless signal due to the testing wireless multipath channel of thetesting venue and a modulation of the testing wireless signal by atesting object undergoing a testing motion in the testing venue;obtaining a set of testing channel information (CI) of the testingwireless multipath channel based on the received testing wireless signalusing a testing processor, a testing memory and a set of testinginstructions; performing the testing procedure by monitoring the testingobject and the testing motion of the testing object based on the set oftesting CI; choosing the first and second locations among the at leastone respective candidate first locations and respective candidate secondlocations as the best locations with respect to the criterion based onthe testing procedure.

Clause A29. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A26, further comprising: positioning each ofthe Type1 and Type2 devices by securing the respective target device toits respective location based on a respective attachment feature, wherethe respective attachment feature comprises at least one of: a lockingmechanism, bayonet coupling, screw coupling, push-pull coupling,plug-and-socket coupling, breakaway coupling, push-and-press-to-releasecoupling, coupling locked by screw, push-push locked coupling, magneticcoupling, electro-magnet, magnet, attachable mechanism, detachablemechanism, linking mechanism, binding mechanism, coupling, connector,mechanical holder, suction feature, suction cup, peg, clip, staple,ring, pin, hook, loop, snap-lock hook, snap-on hook, bracket, hanger,mount, chain, track-and-trolley, screw, nut-and-screw, nut-and-bolt,velcro, hook-and-loop, adhesive, pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA),self-adhesive tape, adhesive tape, double-side adhesive tape, stickytape, weight, friction, fastener, dual-lock fastener, self-matingfastener, reclosable fastener, and another attachment mechanism; andattaching the respective attachment feature of the respective targetdevice to a matching attachment feature at the respective location.

Clause A30. A Type2 heterogeneous wireless device of a wirelessmonitoring system, comprising: a wireless receiver; a processorcommunicatively coupled with the wireless receiver; a memorycommunicatively coupled with the processor; a set of instructions storedin the memory which, when executed by the processor, causes the Type2device to: receive a wireless signal through a wireless multipathchannel of a venue, wherein the wireless signal is transmitted from aType1 heterogeneous wireless device of the wireless monitoring systempositioned at a first location of the venue, wherein the Type2 device ispositioned at a second location in the venue, wherein the Type1 deviceis part of a first target device of the system at the first location,wherein the Type2 device is part of a second target device of the systemat the second location, wherein a test procedure is performed todetermine the first and second locations to install the first and secondtarget devices respectively based on a criterion, wherein each of thefirst target device and the second target device comprises at least oneof: a power supply unit, a power management unit, a power transfer unit,an energy storage unit, a power generation unit and an energy harvestingunit, wherein each of the Type1 device and the Type2 device is poweredbased on at least one of: the respective power supply unit, therespective power management unit, the respective power transfer unit,the respective energy storage unit, the respective power generation unitand the respective energy harvesting unit, of the respective targetdevice, wherein each of the first and second target devices is poweredbased on its respective location, wherein the received wireless signaldiffers from the transmitted wireless signal due to the wirelessmultipath channel of the venue and a modulation of the wireless signalby an object undergoing a motion in the venue, obtaining a set ofchannel information (CI) of the wireless multipath channel based on thereceived wireless signal, wherein at least one of: the object and amotion of the object, is monitored based on the set of CI.

Clause A31. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A1, wherein at least one of: the powercomprises at least one of: electrical energy, magnetic energy, chemicalenergy, mechanical energy, thermal/heat energy, wind energy, lightenergy, gravitational energy, potential energy, kinetic energy, ornuclear energy; the power supply unit comprises at least one of:battery, car battery, regenerative braking, AC power supply, rectifier,power converter/regulator, transformer, power supply in computer system,power supply in electronic circuitry; the power management unitcomprises at least one of: power rectifier, power converter, powerregulator, transformer, surge protection, voltage conversion,voltage/current regulator or converter; the power transfer unitcomprises at least one of: at least one of: cables, wires or connectorsfor wired power transfer, at least one of: magnetic coupling, electricalcoupling, electro-magnetic coupling, or wireless coupling, for wirelesspower transfer; the energy storage unit comprises at least one of:battery, rechargeable battery, capacitor, inductor, fly wheel, fuelcell, or thermal reservoir; the power generation unit comprises at leastone of: generator, alternator, solar panel, regenerative braking, orwind turbine; and the energy harvesting unit comprises at least one of:generator, alternator, solar panel, regenerative braking, wind turbine,a transducer that converts light energy to electrical energy, atransducer that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy, atransducer that converts heat energy to electrical energy, a transducerthat converts another form of energy to electrical energy, or aconversion subsystem that convert the another form of energy toelectrical energy.

Clause A32. The method of positioning and powering the wirelessmonitoring system of clause A2, further comprising: powering each of thefirst and second target devices based on its respective location whichis at least one of: fixed, flexible, relocatable, near an external powersource, far from the external power source, or with no external powersource nearby.

Clause P1. A method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoringsystem, comprising: transmitting a wireless signal from a Type 1heterogeneous wireless device through a wireless multipath channel of avenue; receiving the wireless signal by a Type 2 heterogeneous wirelessdevice through the wireless multipath channel, wherein the receivedwireless signal differs from the transmitted wireless signal due to thewireless multipath channel of the venue and a modulation of the wirelesssignal by an object in the venue; obtaining a set of channel information(CI) of the wireless multipath channel based on the received wirelesssignal using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled with theprocessor and a set of instructions stored in the memory; monitoring atleast one of: the object and a motion of the object, based on the set ofCI; wherein a target device comprises at least one of: a power supplyunit, a power management unit, a power transfer unit, an energy storageunit, a power generation unit and an energy harvesting unit, wherein thetarget device comprises at least one of: the Type 1 device, and the Type2 device.

Clause P2. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoringsystem of clause P1, further comprising: powering the target device withenergy from at least one of: the power supply unit, the power managementunit, the power transfer unit, the energy storage unit, the powergeneration unit, the energy harvesting unit, an external power unit, andan external power source.

Clause P3. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoringsystem of clause P1, further comprising: transferring energy between twoof: the power supply unit, the power management unit, the power transferunit, the energy storage unit, the power generation unit, the energyharvesting unit, an external power unit, an external power source and anexternal power sink.

Clause P4. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoringsystem of clause P1, further comprising: supplying energy from at leastone of: the power generation unit, the energy harvesting unit, anexternal power source, and an external power unit, to at least one of:the power supply unit, the power management unit, the power transferunit, the energy storage unit, and an external power sink.

Clause P5. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoringsystem of clause P1, further comprising: charging the energy storageunit using energy from at least one of: the power generation unit andthe energy harvesting unit.

Clause P6. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoringsystem of clause P1, further comprising: charging the energy storageunit based on at least one of: a plan, a strategy, a time table, anevent, a trigger, a condition, a status, a state, a stage, a percentageof charging, a protection mechanism association with the energy storageunit, a status associated with the venue, the set of CI, an analysis ofthe set of CI, the monitoring of the object based on the set of CI, themonitoring of the motion of the object based on the set of CI, a motionof the target device, a null-motion status of the target device, anin-motion status of the target device, a task performed by the targetdevice, a motion of the venue, a null-motion status of the venue, anin-motion status of the venue, and a task associated with the venue.

Clause P7. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoringsystem of clause P1, further comprising: charging the energy storageunit using energy from at least one of: the power generation unit andthe energy harvesting unit, in a first charging mode; charging theenergy storage unit using energy from at least one of the power supplyunit, the power management unit, the power transfer unit, an externalpower unit, and an external power source, in a second charging mode;charging the energy storage unit using energy from at least one of: thepower generation unit and the energy harvesting unit, and energy from atleast one of the power supply unit, the power management unit, the powertransfer unit, in a third charging mode

Clause P8. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoringsystem of clause P1: wherein the power generation unit comprises atleast one of: a solar panel, a transducer that converts light energy toelectrical energy, a transducer that converts mechanical energy toelectrical energy, a transducer that converts heat energy to electricalenergy, a transducer that converts another form of energy to electricalenergy, and a conversion subsystem that convert the another form ofenergy to electrical energy.

Clause P9. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoringsystem of clause P1: wherein the target device comprises an attachmentfeature for attaching the target device to at least one of: a surface inthe venue, smooth surface, glass surface, metal surface, wood surface,plastic surface, tiled surface, hard surface, soft surface, rigidsurface, flexible surface, elastic surface, structure, fixture, window,vehicle window, vehicle side window, vehicle back window, vehicle frontwindow, door, vehicle door, wall, ceiling, vehicle ceiling, furniture,shelf, cabinet, table, chair, refrigerator, lighting, appliance,utensil, accessory, peripheral, smart device, IoT device, at least onematching attachment feature in the venue, at least one matchingattachment feature of another device in the venue, and the venue.

Clause P10. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoringsystem of clause P9: wherein the attachment feature comprises at leastone of: a locking mechanism, bayonet coupling, screw coupling, push-pullcoupling, breakaway coupling, push-and-press-to-release coupling,coupling locked by screw, push-push locked coupling, magnetic coupling,electro-magnet, magnet, attachable mechanism, detachable mechanism,linking mechanism, binding mechanism, coupling, connector, mechanicalholder, suction feature, suction cup, peg, clip, staple, ring, pin,hook, loop, snap-lock hook, snap-on hook, bracket, hanger, mount, chain,track-and-trolley, screw, nut-and-screw, nut-and-bolt, velcro,hook-and-loop, adhesive, pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA),self-adhesive tape, adhesive tape, double-side adhesive tape, stickytape, fastener, dual-lock fastener, self-mating fastener, reclosablefastener, and another attachment mechanism.

Clause P11. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoringsystem of clause P1, further comprising: determining a location in thevenue to install the target device; attaching the target device to thelocation based on an attachment feature.

Clause P12. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoringsystem of clause P11, further comprising: determining the location basedon at least one of: a signal strength of the wireless signal,characteristics of the wireless signal, wireless connection between theType 1 device and the Type 2 device, spatial relationship between theType 1 device and the Type 2 device, characteristics of the wirelessmultipath channel, characteristics of the set of CI, the monitoring ofat least one of: the object and the motion of the object based on theset of CI, effectiveness of the monitoring, spatial considerationassociated with the monitor, coverage consideration associated with themonitor and the location, effectiveness of at least one of: the powergeneration unit and the energy harvesting unit, availability of lightfor recharging a battery with a solar panel, environmental factorassociated with the use of the energy harvesting unit to harvest energyfrom the environment in the venue to charge the energy storage unit,availability and suitability of a surface in the venue for attaching thetarget device using an attaching feature of the target device, ease ofattaching the target device, ease of removing the target device tocharge the energy storage unit, and another consideration.

Clause P13. A method/system/software/device of a vehicle wirelessmonitoring system, comprising: transmitting a wireless signal from aType 1 heterogeneous wireless device in a vehicle through a wirelessmultipath channel of a venue, the venue comprising the vehicle and animmediate neighborhood of the vehicle; receiving the wireless signal bya Type 2 heterogeneous wireless device in the vehicle through thewireless multipath channel, wherein the received wireless signal differsfrom the transmitted wireless signal due to the wireless multipathchannel of the venue; obtaining a time series of channel information(TSCI) of the wireless multipath channel based on the received wirelesssignal using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled with theprocessor and a set of instructions stored in the memory; and monitoringthe vehicle based on the set of TSCI.

Clause P14. A method/system/software/device of a vehicle wirelessmonitoring system: wherein the wireless signal comprises at least oneof: wireless local area network (WLAN) signal, WWAN signal, WPAN signal,WBAN signal, WiFi signal, WiFi 4/5/6/7/8 signal, IEEE 802.11 signal,IEEE 802.11n/ac/ax/be signal, cellular communication signal,3G/4G/LTE/5G/6G/7G/8G signal, IEEE 802.15 signal, IEEE 802.16 signal,Bluetooth signal, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) signal, RFID signal, Zigbeesignal, UWB signal, WiMax signal, unicast signal, multicast signal,broadcast signal, laser signal, LIDAR signal, radar signal, lightsignal, infra-red signal, ultra-violet signal, acoustic signal,ultra-sound signal, radio signal, electromagnetic (EM) wave, microwavesignal, millimeter wave (mmWave) signal, radio frequency (RF) signalwith a carrier frequency higher than 100 kHz, and another wirelesssignal.

Clause P15. The method/system/software/device of a vehicle wirelessmonitoring system of clause P1, comprising: monitoring at least one of:an interior space, an exterior space and a structure, of the vehiclebased on the TSCI; wherein the interior space comprises at least one of:cabin, trunk, hood, storage space, compartments, trailer, container,cargo bay, gas tank, fuel tank, oil bag; wherein the exterior spacecomprises at least one of: a garage, a space within a distance from thevehicle, parking facility in which the vehicle stops and parks, areaaround the vehicle that another vehicle may approach, stop and/or park,instantaneous time-varying area around the vehicle as the vehicle moves,section of a street in which the vehicle moves, trailer, container,cargo bay, towed object, attached object, carried object, front space,rear space, left space, right space, air paths through or aroundvehicle, space above the vehicle, and space below; wherein the structurecomprises at least one of: vehicle chassis, body, lights, plates,partitions, window, door, tailgate, wall, roof, sheet metal, panels,bumpers, fenders, wheels, tires, pipes, engines, pumps, engine bay,hood, trunk, cabin, trailer, container, cargo bay, gas tank, fuel tank,lubrication oil bay, lubrication line, fuel line, seat, panel, and anymechanical parts of the vehicle.

Clause P16. The method/system/software/device of a vehicle wirelessmonitoring system of clause P1, comprising: monitoring by performing atleast one of: presence detection, presence detection in storage space(e.g. trunk, hood, trailer, container, cargo bay), human presencedetection, child presence detection, pet presence detection, intruderpresence detection, foreign object presence detection, detection ofchild left by parents after the car engine stops, motion detection,child motion detection, motion recognition, activity recognition, sleepdetection, vibration detection, window breaking detection, breathingdetection, driver recognition, vehicle customization based on driverrecognition, passenger recognition, passenger locationing, passengercounting, driver attention monitoring, driver alertness monitoring,driver sleepiness detection, security monitoring, intrusion detection,intruder detection, detection of outsiders (e.g. thieves) reachinginside vehicle through an opening (e.g. window), detection of foreignobject entering the vehicle through the opening, tire pressuremonitoring, pedestrian detection, cyclist detection, blind spotmonitoring, rear cross traffic detection, lane departure detection, lanekeeping detection, lane centering detection, parking space detection,parking detection, proximity detection, traffic sign recognition,collision of the vehicle with another object, hit-and-run, accident,imminent danger detection, collision avoidance, and another monitoringof the interior space.

Clause P17. The method/system/software/device of a vehicle wirelessmonitoring system of clause P1, comprising:generating/performing/triggering a response based on the monitoring,wherein the response comprises at least one of: accident avoidance,emergency stop, evasive maneuvering, active anti-lock braking, activetraction control, electronic stability control, dynamic stabilitycontrol, vehicle stability assist, active handling, safety beltadjustment, brake assist, active head restraints, camera activation,backup camera activation, sensor activation, LIDAR activation, radaractivation, active park assist, parking assist system, automatic highbeam, adaptive cruise control (ACC), active cruise control, pedestriandetection warning (PD), cyclist warning, rear cross-traffic warning(RCTW), blind-spot warning (BSW), forward-collision warning (FCW), lanedeparture warning (LDW), lane centering assist (LCA), automaticemergency braking (AEB), rear AEB (RAEB), city AEB (CAED), high-speedAEB (HAEB), lane keeping assist (LKA), alert generation, airbagdeployment, selective airbag deployment, night vision, speed control,accelerating, decelerating, driver attention arousal measures, driverfocus arousal measures, audio control, audio volume control, playingupbeat music, playing warning message, engaging dialogue with driver,fresh air control, air speed control, air volume control, air directioncontrol, temperature control, window control, air conditioning control,lighting control, tinting control, vehicle suspension control, seatcustomization, driver seat adjustment, driving position customization,steering column customization, passenger seat adjustment, seat control,mirror customization, mirror control, air conditioning customization,air conditioning control, audio-visual customization, audio-visualcontrol, lighting control, generating warning, communicating warning toa remote entity (e.g. using WiFi, 3G/4G/LTE/5G, SMS, etc.),communicative verbal warning to driver, passenger, and/or intruder (e.g.voice generating in smart speaker using smart assistant such as AmazonAlexa, Google Home, Microsoft, Apple Siri, Samsung or other),communicate visual warning on video display, and another response.

Clause P18. The method/system/software/device of a vehicle wirelessmonitoring system of clause P1, comprising: monitoring a security of thevehicle based on the TSCI.

Clause P19. The method/system/software/device of a vehicle wirelessmonitoring system of clause P1, comprising: associating a safetyevent/security event/structure integrity event of the vehicle with acharacteristics of the TSCI; detecting the safety event/securityevent/structure integrity event of the vehicle by recognizing thecharacteristics of the TSCI, wherein the safety event/securityevent/structure integrity event comprises at least one of: window lefthalf open, window not fully closed, door not locked, window breaking,unauthorized opening of door, unauthorized entry of an intruder,intruder motion in the trunk of vehicle, intruder motion in the cabin ofvehicle, intruder reaching in to at least one of: steal, damage,sabotage, collision, sabotage of vehicle, damage of outer surface ofvehicle, hit-and-run, baby left in vehicle, young child left in vehicle,pet left in vehicle, people walking by, people peeping through vehiclewindows, vehicle too close, breathing detected in vehicle, motiondetected in vehicle, and another security event.

Clause P20. The method/system/software/device of a vehicle wirelessmonitoring system of clause P3, comprising: training a security model ofthe characteristics of the TSCI associated with the security event;detecting the security event based on the security model.

Clause P21. The method/system/software/device of a vehicle wirelessmonitoring system of clause P4, comprising: training the security modelbased on a training TSCI collected during a training period in which thesecurity event occurs.

Clause P22. The method/system/software/device of a vehicle wirelessmonitoring system of clause P2, comprising: start monitoring thesecurity of the vehicle based on at least one of: an arming the vehiclewireless monitoring system, a parking status of the vehicle, a stoppingstatus of the vehicle, a turning-off of an engine of the vehicle, aturning-off of headlight of the vehicle, a brake release by a driver ofthe vehicle, a departure of the driver from the vehicle by opening andclosing the driver door, a departure of a passenger from the vehicle byopening and closing of a passenger door, a departure of the driver'ssmart phone, an absence of a paired device, a lack of motion inside thevehicle for a period of time, and another condition.

Clause P23. The method/system/software/device of a vehicle wirelessmonitoring system of clause P2, comprising: stop or pause monitoring thesecurity of the vehicle based on at least one of: a disarming thevehicle wireless monitoring system, a non-parking status of the vehicle,an in-motion status of the vehicle, a turning-on of an engine of thevehicle, a turning-on of headlight of the vehicle, a brake depression bya driver of the vehicle, an arrival of the driver from the vehicle byopening and closing the driver door, an arrival of a passenger from thevehicle by opening and closing of a passenger door, an arrival of thedriver's smart phone, a presence of a paired device, a presence ofmotion inside the vehicle for a period of time, and another condition.

Clause P24. The method/system/software/device of a vehicle wirelessmonitoring system of clause P1, comprising: monitoring a window breakingevent of the vehicle based on the set of TSCI.

Clause P25. The method/system/software/device of a vehicle wirelessmonitoring system of clause PL: wherein at least one of: the Type 1device and the Type 2 device, is physically connected to the vehiclebased on at least one of: a USB port, a cigarette lighter port, a OBDport, an Ethernet point, a network point, another connector port, and anattachment unit of the Type 1 or Type 2 device.

Clause P26. The method/system/software/device of a vehicle wirelessmonitoring system of clause P1: wherein at least one of: the Type 1device and the Type 2 device, is integrated into a vehicle electronicsubsystem.

Clause P27. The method/system/software/device of a vehicle wirelessmonitoring system of clause P1: wherein at least one of: the Type 1device and the Type 2 device, is communicatively coupled to an in-carelectronic subsystem based on a WiFi system, in-car Bluetooth system,in-car BLE system, in-car Zigbee system.

The features described above may be implemented advantageously in one ormore computer programs that are executable on a programmable systemincluding at least one programmable processor coupled to receive dataand instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a datastorage system, at least one input device, and at least one outputdevice. A computer program is a set of instructions that may be used,directly or indirectly, in a computer to perform a certain activity orbring about a certain result. A computer program may be written in anyform of programming language (e.g., C, Java), including compiled orinterpreted languages, and it may be deployed in any form, including asa stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, abrowser-based web application, or other unit suitable for use in acomputing environment.

Suitable processors for the execution of a program of instructionsinclude, e.g., both general and special purpose microprocessors, digitalsignal processors, and the sole processor or one of multiple processorsor cores, of any kind of computer. Generally, a processor will receiveinstructions and data from a read-only memory or a random access memoryor both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor forexecuting instructions and one or more memories for storing instructionsand data. Generally, a computer will also include, or be operativelycoupled to communicate with, one or more mass storage devices forstoring data files; such devices include magnetic disks, such asinternal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; andoptical disks. Storage devices suitable for tangibly embodying computerprogram instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory,including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, such as EPROM,EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal harddisks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROMdisks. The processor and the memory may be supplemented by, orincorporated in, ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits).

While the present teaching contains many specific implementationdetails, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope ofthe present teaching or of what may be claimed, but rather asdescriptions of features specific to particular embodiments of thepresent teaching. Certain features that are described in thisspecification in the context of separate embodiments may also beimplemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, variousfeatures that are described in the context of a single embodiment mayalso be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in anysuitable sub-combination.

Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particularorder, this should not be understood as requiring that such operationsbe performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, orthat all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirableresults. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processingmay be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various systemcomponents in the embodiments described above should not be understoodas requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should beunderstood that the described program components and systems maygenerally be integrated together in a single software product orpackaged into multiple software products.

Particular embodiments of the subject matter have been described. Anycombination of the features and architectures described above isintended to be within the scope of the following claims. Otherembodiments are also within the scope of the following claims. In somecases, the actions recited in the claims may be performed in a differentorder and still achieve desirable results. In addition, the processesdepicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require theparticular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirableresults. In certain implementations, multitasking and parallelprocessing may be advantageous.

We claim:
 1. A method, implemented by a wireless monitoring systemhaving a processor, a memory communicatively coupled with the processor,and a set of instructions stored in the memory to be executed by theprocessor, comprising: positioning and powering a transmitter at a firstlocation in a venue; positioning and powering a receiver at a secondlocation in the venue; transmitting a wireless signal from thetransmitter through a wireless multipath channel of the venue; receivingthe wireless signal by the receiver through the wireless multipathchannel, wherein the wireless signal is impacted by the wirelessmultipath channel and a modulation of an object undergoing a motion inthe venue; obtaining a set of channel information (CI) of the wirelessmultipath channel based on the wireless signal; and monitoring theobject and the motion of the object based on the set of CI.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, wherein: the transmitter is part of a first targetdevice at the first location; the receiver is part of a second targetdevice at the second location; each of the first target device and thesecond target device comprises at least one of; a power supply unit, apower management unit, a power transfer unit, an energy storage unit, apower generation unit or an energy harvesting unit; each of thetransmitter and the receiver is powered based on at least one of: therespective power supply unit, the respective power management unit, therespective power transfer unit, the respective energy storage unit, therespective power generation unit or the respective energy harvestingunit, of the respective target device.
 3. The method of claim 2, furthercomprising: powering one of the first and second target devices by therespective energy storage unit of the respective target device; chargingthe energy storage unit by at least one of: the respective energyharvesting unit or an external power source.
 4. The method of claim 3,further comprising: removing the energy storage unit of the targetdevice from the respective location; repositioning the energy storageunit to a third location where the external power source is located;connecting the energy storage unit to the external power source using aconnector; charging the energy storage unit by the external powersource; and repositioning the energy storage unit back to the respectivelocation.
 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising positioning eachof the transmitter and the receiver by securing the respective targetdevice to its respective location based on a respective attachmentfeature, wherein the respective attachment feature comprises at leastone of: a locking mechanism, bayonet coupling, screw coupling, push-pullcoupling, plug-and-socket coupling, breakaway coupling,push-and-press-to-release coupling, coupling locked by screw, push-pushlocked coupling, or magnetic coupling.
 6. The method of claim 5, whereinthe respective attachment feature of the respective target device is forattaching the respective target device to at least one of: a surface inthe venue, a glass surface, a window, a refrigerator, or at least onematching attachment feature in the venue.
 7. The method of claim 5,further comprising: securing the respective target device to arespective location by attaching the respective attachment feature ofthe respective target device to a matching attachment feature at thelocation.
 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising: securing therespective target device to a power socket at the respective location byinserting a power plug of the target device into the power socket. 9.The method of claim 8, further comprising: powering the respectivetarget device based on the power plug and the power socket.
 10. Themethod of claim 2, further comprising transferring energy between twoof: the transmitter, the receiver, any target device, any power supplyunit, any power management unit, any power transfer unit, any energystorage unit, any power generation unit, any energy harvesting unit, anexternal power unit, an external power source, an external power sink.11. The method of claim 10, further comprising: transferring the energyin at least one of: a wired manner or a wireless manner.
 12. The methodof claim 10, further comprising: supplying energy from at least one of:any power generation unit, any power supply unit, any energy harvestingunit, the external power source, or the external power unit, to at leastone of: any power supply unit, any power management unit, any powertransfer unit, any energy storage unit, or an external power sink. 13.The method of claim 10, further comprising: charging the energy storageunit using energy from at least one of: the power generation unit, theenergy harvesting unit, or an external power source.
 14. The method ofclaim 13, further comprising: charging the energy storage unit based onat least one of: a plan, a strategy, a time table, an event, the set ofCI, the monitoring of the object based on the set of CI, or a taskassociated with the venue.
 15. The method of claim 13, furthercomprising at least one of: charging the energy storage unit usingenergy from at least one of: the power generation unit or the energyharvesting unit, in a first charging mode; charging the energy storageunit using energy from at least one of: the power supply unit, the powermanagement unit, the power transfer unit, an external power unit, or anexternal power source, in a second charging mode; or charging the energystorage unit using energy from at least one of: the power generationunit, the energy harvesting unit, the power supply unit, the powermanagement unit, the power transfer unit, the external power unit or theexternal power source, in a third charging mode.
 16. The method of claim1, further comprising: determining the first and second locations in thevenue to install the first and second target devices respectively basedon a criterion.
 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:determining a first relative positioning of the transmitter with respectto the first target device at the first location in the venue based on afirst criterion; and determining a second relative positioning of thereceiver with respect to the second target device at the second locationin the venue based on a second criterion.
 18. The method of claim 17,wherein at least one of the criterion, the first criterion or the secondcriterion, is based on at least one of: a signal strength of thewireless signal; a spatial relationship between the transmitter and thereceiver; characteristics of the wireless multipath channel; orcharacteristics of the set of CI.
 19. The method of claim 16, furthercomprising: positioning a testing transmitter at one of candidate firstlocations in a testing venue: positioning a testing receiver at one ofcandidate second locations in the testing venue; transmitting a testingwireless signal from the testing transmitter through a testing wirelessmultipath channel of the testing venue; receiving the testing wirelesssignal by the testing receiver through the testing wireless multipathchannel, wherein the testing wireless signal is impacted by the testingwireless multipath channel and a modulation of a testing objectundergoing a testing motion in the testing venue; obtaining a set oftesting CI of the testing wireless multipath channel based on thetesting wireless signal using a testing processor, a testing memory anda set of testing instructions; performing a testing procedure associatedwith the monitoring of the object and the motion of the object bymonitoring the testing object and the testing motion of the testingobject based on the set of testing CI; selecting, based on the testingprocedure, the first and second locations from the candidate firstlocations and candidate second locations respectively as best locationswith respect to a criterion.
 20. The method of claim 19, furthercomprising: determining a first relative positioning of the transmitterwith respect to the first target device at the first location in thevenue based on a first criterion and the testing procedure; anddetermining a second relative positioning of the receiver with respectto the second target device at the second location in the venue based ona second criterion and the testing procedure.
 21. The method of claim19, wherein: the testing transmitter comprises at least one of: thetransmitter, another transmitter, the receiver, another receiver oranother wireless device; the testing receiver comprises at least one of:the transmitter, another transmitter, the receiver, another receiver oranother wireless device; the testing venue comprises at least one of;the venue, the venue in a testing condition, or the venue without theobject; the testing object comprises at least one of: the object, theobject performing the motion, a testing object with similar physicalappearance as the object, a testing object with similar physicalstructure as the object, or a testing object with moveable parts similarto the object; the testing motion comprises at least one of: the motionof the object, a part of the motion of the object, the motion ofmoveable parts of the object, or a target motion to be monitored in themonitoring task; the testing wireless signal comprises at least onecandidate wireless signal, one of the candidate wireless signal beingthe wireless signal; each candidate wireless signal is associated withat least one of: at least one transmitting antenna, at least onereceiving antenna, a carrier frequency, a frequency band, or a frequencyhopping.
 22. A method for positioning and powering a wireless monitoringsystem, comprising: positioning a transmitter at a first location in avenue, wherein the transmitter is part of a first target device at thefirst location; positioning a receiver at a second location in thevenue, wherein the receiver is part of a second target device at thesecond location, wherein each of the first target device and the secondtarget device comprises at least one of: a power supply unit, a powermanagement unit, a power transfer unit, an energy storage unit, a powergeneration unit or an energy harvesting unit; powering each of thetransmitter and the receiver based on at least one of: the respectivepower supply unit, the respective power management unit, the respectivepower transfer unit, the respective energy storage unit, the respectivepower generation unit or the respective energy harvesting unit, of therespective target device; transmitting a wireless signal from thetransmitter through a wireless multipath channel of the venue; receivingthe wireless signal by the receiver through the wireless multipathchannel, wherein the wireless signal is impacted by the wirelessmultipath channel and a modulation of an object undergoing a motion inthe venue; obtaining a set of channel information (CI) of the wirelessmultipath channel based on the wireless signal using a processor, amemory communicatively coupled with the processor and a set ofinstructions stored in the memory; and monitoring, based on the set ofCI, at least one of the object or a motion of the object.
 23. The methodof claim 22, further comprising: powering one of the first and secondtarget devices by the respective energy storage unit of the respectivetarget device charged by at least one of: the respective energyharvesting unit or an external power source; charging the energy storageunit by the energy harvesting unit.
 24. The method of claim 22, furthercomprising: positioning a testing transmitter at one of candidate firstlocations in a testing venue; positioning a testing receiver at one ofcandidate second locations in the testing venue; transmitting a testingwireless signal from the testing transmitter through a testing wirelessmultipath channel of the testing venue; receiving the testing wirelesssignal by the testing receiver through the testing wireless multipathchannel, wherein the testing wireless signal is impacted by the testingwireless multipath channel and a modulation of a testing objectundergoing a testing motion in the testing venue; obtaining a set oftesting CI of the testing wireless multipath channel based on thetesting wireless signal using a testing processor, a testing memory anda set of testing instructions; performing a testing procedure associatedwith the monitoring of the at least one of the object or the motion ofthe object by monitoring at least one of the testing object or thetesting motion of the testing object based on the set of testing CI;selecting, based on the testing procedure, the first and secondlocations from the candidate first locations and candidate secondlocations respectively as best locations with respect to a criterion toinstall the first and second target devices respectively.
 25. The methodof claim 22, further comprising: positioning each of the transmitter andthe receiver by securing the respective target device to its respectivelocation based on a respective attachment feature, wherein therespective attachment feature comprises at least one of: a lockingmechanism, push-pull coupling, plug-and-socket coupling, an attachablemechanism, detachable mechanism, a mechanical holder, or a fastener; andattaching the respective attachment feature of the respective targetdevice to a matching attachment feature at the respective location. 26.A wireless monitoring system, comprising: a first target devicepositioned at a first location in a venue, wherein the first targetdevice comprises a transmitter configured to transmit a wireless signalthrough a wireless multipath channel of the venue; a second targetdevice positioned at a second location in the venue, wherein the secondtarget device comprises a receiver configured to receive the wirelesssignal through the wireless multipath channel, wherein the wirelesssignal is impacted by the wireless multipath channel and a modulation ofan object undergoing a motion in the venue, wherein each of the firsttarget device and the second target device comprises at least one of: apower supply unit, a power management unit, a power transfer unit, anenergy storage unit, a power generation unit or an energy harvestingunit, for powering the transmitter and the receiver respectively; and aprocessor configured for: obtaining a set of channel information (CI) ofthe wireless multipath channel based on the wireless signal, andmonitoring, based on the set of CI, at least one of the object or amotion of the object.
 27. The wireless monitoring system of claim 26,wherein: the processor is physically coupled to at least one of: thefirst target device, the second target device, a server, or anotherdevice of the wireless monitoring system; one of the first and secondtarget devices is powered by the respective energy storage unit of therespective target device charged by at least one of: the respectiveenergy harvesting unit or an external power source; and the energystorage unit is charged by the energy harvesting unit.
 28. The wirelessmonitoring system of claim 26, further comprising: a testing transmitterpositioned at one of candidate first locations in a testing venue, andconfigured for transmitting a testing wireless signal through a testingwireless multipath channel of the testing venue; a testing receiverpositioned at one of candidate second locations in the testing venue,and configured for receiving the testing wireless signal by the throughthe testing wireless multipath channel, wherein the testing wirelesssignal is impacted by the testing wireless multipath channel and amodulation of a testing object undergoing a testing motion in thetesting venue, and a testing processor configured for: obtaining a setof testing CI of the testing wireless multipath channel based on thetesting wireless signal, performing a testing procedure associated withthe monitoring of the at least one of the object or the motion of theobject by monitoring at least one of the testing object or the testingmotion of the testing object based on the set of testing CI, selecting,based on the testing procedure, the first and second locations from thecandidate first locations and candidate second locations respectively asbest locations with respect to a criterion to install the first andsecond target devices respectively.
 29. The wireless monitoring systemof claim 26, wherein: each of the transmitter and the receiver ispositioned by securing the respective target device to its respectivelocation based on a respective attachment feature; the respectiveattachment feature comprises at least one of: a locking mechanism,push-pull coupling, plug-and-socket coupling, an attachable mechanism,detachable mechanism, a mechanical holder, or a fastener; and therespective attachment feature of the respective target device isattached to a matching attachment feature at the respective location.30. A wireless device of a wireless monitoring system, comprising: areceiver configured to receive a wireless signal transmitted by atransmitter through a wireless multipath channel of a venue, wherein:the wireless signal is impacted by the wireless multipath channel and amodulation of an object undergoing a motion in the venue, thetransmitter is part of a first target device positioned at a firstlocation in the venue, the wireless device is a second target devicepositioned at a second location in the venue, and each of the firsttarget device and the second target device comprises at least one of: apower supply unit, a power management unit, a power transfer unit, anenergy storage unit, a power generation unit or an energy harvestingunit, for powering the transmitter and the receiver respectively; aprocessor communicatively coupled with the receiver; a memorycommunicatively coupled with the processor; and a set of instructionsstored in the memory which, when executed by the processor, causes theprocessor to: perform a test procedure to determine the first and secondlocations to install the first and second target devices respectivelybased on a criterion, wherein each of the first and second targetdevices is powered based on its respective location, obtain a set ofchannel information (CI) of the wireless multipath channel based on thewireless signal, and monitor, based on the set of CI, at least one ofthe object or a motion of the object.